Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ethiop J Health Sci. 2021 Mar;31(2):401-408. doi: 10.4314/ejhs.v31i2.23.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is considered one of the major neglected tropical diseases. Drug resistance, limitary efficacy, and severe side effects remain a challenge for treatment. Foeniculum vulgare is known as a medicinal plant belonging to the Apiaceae, and anti-microbial properties of this plant have already been confirmed.
The F.vulgare sterile aqueous and alcoholic extracts were prepared. In vitro has used RAW 264.7 cell line and L. major parasite (MRHO/IR/75/ER). Cytotoxicity assay on macrophages (CC50), cytotoxicity assay on promastigotes (IC50), and cytotoxicity assay on infected macrophages (EC50) were accomplished with both extracts by MTT and light microscopy methods. Four in vivo were allocated in four groups and five BALB/c mice each group. Stationary phase promastigotes were inoculated into the base of mice tails subcutaneously (SC). Measurement of the body weight, lesion size, parasite burden of the lesion, and spleen after 4 weeks for evaluation effects of the alcoholic extract on CL was done.
The results of in vitro revealed that the optimal concentrations of both extracts reducing the promastigotes and amastigotes growth. Alcoholic extract no harmful side effects for the host macrophages, while were indicated has a potent action against L. major. In vivo results after 4 weeks did not show any variation in lesion size and body weight. Also, lesion size and spleen parasite burden decreased in comparison to no treatment group.
The alcoholic extract could be a new alternative treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis. However this extract needs more investigation for novel herbal drugs against CL.
皮肤利什曼病被认为是主要的被忽视热带病之一。耐药性、疗效有限和严重的副作用仍然是治疗的挑战。茴香是一种属于伞形科的药用植物，其抗菌特性已经得到证实。
制备了茴香无菌水提物和醇提物。体外实验采用 RAW 264.7 细胞系和大镰孢菌寄生虫（MRHO/IR/75/ER）。通过 MTT 和光学显微镜法，对两种提取物在巨噬细胞（CC50）、前鞭毛体（IC50）和感染巨噬细胞（EC50）上的细胞毒性进行了检测。四组各有四组，每组五只 BALB/c 小鼠。将静止期前鞭毛体皮下接种到小鼠尾部（SC），在第 4 周测量体重、病变大小、病变寄生虫负荷和脾脏，以评估醇提物对 CL 的疗效。
体外实验结果表明，两种提取物的最佳浓度均能抑制前鞭毛体和无鞭毛体的生长。醇提物对宿主巨噬细胞无不良副作用，而对大镰孢菌具有强大的作用。4 周后，体内实验结果显示，病变大小和体重无任何变化。与未治疗组相比，病变大小和脾脏寄生虫负荷均有所下降。
醇提物可能是治疗皮肤利什曼病的一种新的替代方法。然而，这种提取物需要进一步研究，以开发针对 CL 的新型草药药物。
