Mazor Matan, Moran Rani, Fleming Stephen M
Institute of Neurology, Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK.
Institute of Neurology, Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK.
Neurosci Conscious. 2021 Jun 21;2021(1):niab005. doi: 10.1093/nc/niab005. eCollection 2021.
People have better metacognitive sensitivity for decisions about the presence compared to the absence of objects. However, it is not only objects themselves that can be present or absent, but also parts of objects and other visual features. Asymmetries in visual search indicate that a disadvantage for representing absence may operate at these levels as well. Furthermore, a processing advantage for surprising signals suggests that a presence/absence asymmetry may be explained by absence being passively represented as a default state, and presence as a default-violating surprise. It is unknown whether the metacognitive asymmetry for judgments about presence and absence extends to these different levels of representation (object, feature, and default violation). To address this question and test for a link between the representation of absence and default reasoning more generally, here we measure metacognitive sensitivity for discrimination judgments between stimuli that are identical except for the presence or absence of a distinguishing feature, and for stimuli that differ in their compliance with an expected default state.
与判断物体不存在相比，人们对物体存在的决策具有更好的元认知敏感性。然而，不仅物体本身可以存在或不存在，物体的部分以及其他视觉特征也可以。视觉搜索中的不对称性表明，在这些层面上，表征不存在可能也存在劣势。此外，对意外信号的加工优势表明，存在/不存在的不对称性可能是由于不存在被被动地表征为默认状态，而存在则被表征为违反默认的意外情况。关于存在和不存在判断的元认知不对称性是否扩展到这些不同的表征层面（物体、特征和违反默认）尚不清楚。为了解决这个问题并更全面地测试不存在表征与默认推理之间的联系，我们在此测量了元认知敏感性，用于区分除了存在或不存在一个区别性特征之外完全相同的刺激，以及区分符合或不符合预期默认状态的刺激。
