Khan Altab, Beg Mohd Riyaz, Waghmare Pramod
DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India.
Biophys Rev. 2021 May 21;13(3):417-423. doi: 10.1007/s12551-021-00806-9. eCollection 2021 Jun.
The use of low intensity ultrasound has gotten surprising consideration over the last decade as a method for enhancing the catalytic activity of enzyme. Ultrasounds have the potential to significantly influence the activity of the enzymatic processes, provided that the energy input is not so high as to inactivate the enzyme. By providing the variation in parameters, various physical and chemical effects can be attained that can enhance the enzymatic reaction. Ultrasonic reactors are known for their application in bioprocesses. However, the potential of their applications is still limited broadly due to the lack of proper information about their operational and performance parameters. In this review, the detailed information about ultrasonic reactors is provided by defining the different types of reactors and number and position of ultrasonic transducers. Also, it includes mechanism of intensification and influence of ultrasonic parameters (intensity, duty cycle, and frequency) and enzymatic factors (enzyme concentration, temperature, and pH) on the catalytic activity of enzyme during ultrasound treatment.
在过去十年中，低强度超声作为一种增强酶催化活性的方法受到了意想不到的关注。只要能量输入不高到使酶失活，超声就有可能显著影响酶促过程的活性。通过提供参数变化，可以实现各种物理和化学效应，从而增强酶促反应。超声反应器因其在生物过程中的应用而闻名。然而，由于缺乏关于其操作和性能参数的适当信息，其应用潜力在很大程度上仍然有限。在这篇综述中，通过定义不同类型的反应器以及超声换能器的数量和位置，提供了关于超声反应器的详细信息。此外，它还包括强化机制以及超声参数（强度、占空比和频率）和酶学因素（酶浓度、温度和pH）对超声处理过程中酶催化活性的影响。
