Keighley C, Garnham K, Harch S A J, Robertson M, Chaw K, Teng J C, Chen S C-A
Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Wollongong, NSW Australia.
Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Curr Fungal Infect Rep. 2021;15(3):116-126. doi: 10.1007/s12281-021-00420-y. Epub 2021 Jun 23.
This review summarises the epidemiology of infection and describes contemporary and emerging diagnostic methods for detection and identification of .
A fifth clade has been described. Diagnostic accuracy has improved with development of selective/differential media for . Advances in spectral databases of matrix-associated laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) systems have reduced misidentification. Direct detection of in clinical specimens using real time PCR is increasingly used, as is whole genome sequencing (WGS) to track nosocomial spread and to study phylogenetic relationships and drug resistance.
is an important transmissible, nosocomial pathogen. The microbiological laboratory diagnostic capacity has extended beyond culture-based methods to include PCR and WGS. Microbiological techniques on the horizon include the use of MALDI-TOF MS for early echinocandin antifungal susceptibility testing (AST) and expansion of the versatile and information-rich WGS methods for outbreak investigation.
本综述总结了感染的流行病学，并描述了用于检测和鉴定的当代及新兴诊断方法。
已描述了第五个进化枝。随着用于……的选择性/鉴别培养基的开发，诊断准确性有所提高。基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）系统光谱数据库的进展减少了错误鉴定。使用实时PCR直接检测临床标本中的……越来越普遍，全基因组测序（WGS）也越来越多地用于追踪医院内传播、研究系统发育关系和耐药性。
……是一种重要的可传播的医院病原体。微生物实验室诊断能力已从基于培养的方法扩展到包括PCR和WGS。即将出现的微生物技术包括使用MALDI-TOF MS进行早期棘白菌素类抗真菌药敏试验（AST），以及扩展用于暴发调查的通用且信息丰富的WGS方法。
