Mosisa Getu, Regassa Bikila, Biru Bayise
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
SAGE Open Med. 2021 Jun 12;9:20503121211024519. doi: 10.1177/20503121211024519. eCollection 2021.
Hypertension remains an emerging public health problem globally, particularly in developing countries. Age, income level, obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, vegetables and fruit consumption, physical activity and chat chewing were some risk factors of hypertension. However, there are limited data on the epidemiology of hypertension in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess Epidemiology of Hypertension among the community of selected towns of Wollega zones.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 30 June 2019 in selected towns of Wollega zones. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 840 study participants. Data were collected using the WHO STEP wise approach. The data were coded and entered into EpiData 3, and exported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Statistical significance was declared at -value < 0.05.
The study included a total of 838 respondents with a response rate of 99.7%. The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 189 (22.6%) (95% confidence interval = 19.9%-25.2%). Of this, 108 (12.9%) and 81 (9.7%) of female and male were hypertensive, respectively. Age groups of 30-44 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.65 (1.43, 4.89)), 45-59 years (adjusted odds ratio = 3.55 (1.79, 7.04)), above 60 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.97 (1.43, 6.18)), having history of alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio = 4.29 (2.4, 7.66)), involving in vigorous physical activity (adjusted odds ratio = 0.096 (0.028, 0.33)), not walking to and from the work (adjusted odds ratio = 13.12 (8.34, 20.67)), being overweight (adjusted odds ratio = 1.98 (1.21, 3.25)), inadequate fruits serving per day (adjusted odds ratio = 2.93 (1.75, 4.88)) were significantly associated with hypertension.
The prevalence of hypertension was found to be high in the study area. Older age, alcohol consumption, not engaging in vigorous activity, physical inactivity, being overweight and inadequate intake of fruits were found to be risk factors for hypertension. Therefore, health care providers should provide extensive health education and promotion on recommended lifestyle modification to tackle the burden of hypertension.
高血压在全球范围内仍是一个新出现的公共卫生问题，在发展中国家尤为如此。年龄、收入水平、肥胖、饮酒、吸烟、蔬菜水果摄入量、身体活动及嚼食恰特草是高血压的一些危险因素。然而，埃塞俄比亚高血压流行病学的数据有限。本研究旨在评估沃莱加地区选定城镇社区的高血压流行病学情况。
2019年6月1日至30日在沃莱加地区选定城镇开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样技术选取840名研究参与者。使用世界卫生组织的逐步调查方法收集数据。数据进行编码并录入EpiData 3，然后导出至SPSS 20.0版本进行分析。进行了二元和多变量逻辑回归分析。P值<0.05时具有统计学意义。
该研究共纳入838名受访者，应答率为99.7%。高血压患病率为189例（22.6%）（95%置信区间=19.9%-25.2%）。其中，女性和男性高血压患者分别为108例（12.9%）和81例（9.7%）。30-44岁年龄组（调整比值比=2.65（1.43，4.89））、45-59岁年龄组（调整比值比=3.55（1.79，7.04））、60岁以上年龄组（调整比值比=2.97（1.43，6.18））、有饮酒史（调整比值比=4.29（2.4，7.66））、参与剧烈身体活动（调整比值比=0.096（0.028，0.33））、上下班不步行（调整比值比=13.12（8.34，20.67））、超重（调整比值比=1.98（1.21，3.25））、每日水果摄入量不足（调整比值比=2.93（1.75，4.88））与高血压显著相关。
研究地区高血压患病率较高。年龄较大、饮酒、不参与剧烈活动、身体不活动、超重及水果摄入不足被发现是高血压的危险因素。因此，医疗保健提供者应就推荐的生活方式改变提供广泛的健康教育和促进措施，以应对高血压负担。
