埃塞俄比亚西北部德布雷马科斯镇成年人中未诊断高血压及其相关因素：一项基于社区的横断面研究。
Undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among adults in Debre Markos town, North-West Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Essa Enatnesh, Shitie Dessalegn, Yirsaw Mesenbet Terefe, Wale Mengistu Zelalem
机构信息
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
出版信息
SAGE Open Med. 2022 Apr 25;10:20503121221094223. doi: 10.1177/20503121221094223. eCollection 2022.
INTRODUCTION
Globally, hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. Despite this high public health burden, no community-based evidence regarding the magnitude and related factors of hypertension has been reported in the study area.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of undiagnosed hypertension in Debre Markos town, North-West Ethiopia, 2020.
METHOD
A community-based cross- sectional study design was conducted from January to March 2020. Socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics of the participants were collected using interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires. Physical measurements including body mass index, waist circumference, and blood pressure were collected using standardized measuring instruments. Statistical analysis was collected using SPSS version 21 software. Univariate logistic regression model was used to present the results. The p value less than 0.05 in a multivariable analysis was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS
From a total of 630 samples, 600 participants, 270 (45%) males and 330 (55%) females with a mean age of 36.32 ± 12.48 years, were participated giving a response rate of 95.2%. The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension among adults was 12.7%. Of these, 5.5% were males and 7.2% were females. Factors including age (above 60 years) (adjusted odds ratio = 2.92, 95% confidence interval (1.05, 8.06), p = 0.03), body mass index (overweight and obese) (adjusted odds ratio = 3.85, 95% confidence interval (2.16, 6.87), p < 0.01), fatty diet consumption (adjusted odds ratio = 1.88, 95% confidence interval (1.03, 3.42), p = 0.04), family history of hypertension (adjusted odds ratio = 2.21, 95% confidence interval (1.04, 4.69), p = 0.04) were significantly associated with hypertension.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension among adults was found to be remarkable. Therefore, a community-based health education and hypertension screening strategies are needed to prevent the problem early in life in Debre Markos town and the nation at large.
引言
在全球范围内，高血压是心血管疾病和全因死亡率的重要危险因素。尽管公共卫生负担如此之高，但研究区域内尚未有关于高血压严重程度及相关因素的社区层面证据报道。
目的
本研究旨在确定2020年埃塞俄比亚西北部德布雷马科斯镇未诊断高血压的患病率及相关因素。
方法
2020年1月至3月进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究设计。使用访谈员管理的半结构化问卷收集参与者的社会人口学和行为特征。使用标准化测量仪器收集包括体重指数、腰围和血压在内的身体测量数据。使用SPSS 21版软件进行统计分析。采用单因素逻辑回归模型呈现结果。在多变量分析中，p值小于0.05被认为在95%置信区间具有统计学意义。
结果
在总共630个样本中，600名参与者参与，其中270名（45%）男性和330名（55%）女性，平均年龄为36.32±12.48岁，应答率为95.2%。成年人中未诊断高血压的患病率为12.7%。其中，男性为5.5%，女性为7.2%。年龄（60岁以上）（调整后的比值比=2.92，95%置信区间（1.05，8.06），p=0.03）、体重指数（超重和肥胖）（调整后的比值比=3.85，95%置信区间（2.16，6.87），p<0.01）、高脂肪饮食摄入（调整后的比值比=1.88，95%置信区间（1.03，3.42），p=0.04）、高血压家族史（调整后的比值比=2.21，95%置信区间（1.04，4.69），p=0.04）等因素与高血压显著相关。
结论
发现成年人中未诊断高血压的患病率较高。因此，需要在德布雷马科斯镇乃至全国开展基于社区的健康教育和高血压筛查策略，以便在生命早期预防该问题。
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