de Troya Martín Magdalena, Blázquez Sánchez Nuria, García Harana Cristina, Alarcón Leiva Mª Carmen, Aguilera Arjona José, Rivas Ruiz Francisco, de Gálvez Aranda Mª Victoria
Dermatology Department, Hospital Costal Del Sol, Marbella, Spain.
Medicine Department, University of Málaga, Spain.
Saf Health Work. 2021 Jun;12(2):244-248. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.10.003. Epub 2020 Oct 10.
Sunburn is the main avoidable cause of skin cancer. Beach lifeguards spend many hours exposed to the effects of solar radiation during their work day, precisely at times of the year when levels of solar irradiation are highest. The aim of this study is to quantify the risk to beach lifeguards of sun exposure.
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Western Costa del Sol, southern Spain, during the summer of 2018. The research subjects were recruited during a skin cancer prevention course for beach lifeguards. All participants were invited to complete a questionnaire on their habits, attitudes, and knowledge related to sun exposure. In addition, ten were specially monitored using personal dosimeters for three consecutive days, and the results were recorded in a photoprotection diary. A descriptive analysis (mean and standard deviation for the quantitative variables) was performed, and inter-group differences were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Two hundred fifteen lifeguards completed the questionnaire, and 109 met the criteria for inclusion in this analysis. The mean age was 23.8 years (SD: 5.1), 78.0% were male, 71.5% were phototype III or IV (Fitzpatrick's phototype), and 77.1% had experienced at least one painful sunburn during the previous summer. The mean daily personal ultraviolet exposure per day, the minimal erythema dose, and the standard erythema dose, in J/m, were 634.7 [standard deviation (SD): 356.2], 2.5 (SD: 1.4) and 6.35 (SD: 3.6), respectively.
Beach lifeguards receive very high doses of solar radiation during the work day and experience correspondingly high rates of sunburn. Intervention strategies to modify their sun exposure behavior and working environment are necessary to reduce the risk of skin cancer for these workers and to promote early diagnosis of the disease.
晒伤是皮肤癌主要的可避免病因。海滩救生员在工作日会花费数小时暴露于太阳辐射的影响之下，而一年中太阳辐射水平最高的时段恰好是他们工作的时候。本研究旨在量化海滩救生员暴露于阳光下的风险。
2018年夏季，在西班牙南部的韦斯塔德尔索尔海岸进行了一项描述性横断面研究。研究对象是在海滩救生员皮肤癌预防课程期间招募的。邀请所有参与者填写一份关于他们与阳光暴露相关的习惯、态度和知识的问卷。此外，连续三天使用个人剂量计对其中十人进行专门监测，并将结果记录在光保护日记中。进行了描述性分析（定量变量的均值和标准差），并使用曼-惠特尼U检验评估组间差异。
215名救生员完成了问卷，其中109人符合纳入本分析的标准。平均年龄为23.8岁（标准差：5.1），78.0%为男性，71.5%为Ⅲ型或Ⅳ型皮肤（菲茨帕特里克皮肤分型），77.1%在之前的夏天至少经历过一次晒伤。每天个人紫外线暴露的平均剂量、最小红斑剂量和标准红斑剂量（单位：J/m）分别为634.7[标准差（SD）：356.2]、2.5（SD：1.4）和6.35（SD：3.6）。
海滩救生员在工作日接受非常高剂量的太阳辐射，晒伤发生率相应也很高。为降低这些工作人员患皮肤癌的风险并促进疾病的早期诊断，有必要采取干预策略来改变他们的阳光暴露行为和工作环境。
