Grifoni Daniele, Betti Giulio, Bogi Andrea, Bramanti Lucia, Chiarugi Alessandra, Gozzini Bernardo, Morabito Marco, Picciolo Francesco, Sabatini Francesco, Miligi Lucia
CNR-IBE - Institute of Bioeconomy - National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
LaMMA Consortium, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
Saf Health Work. 2022 Dec;13(4):421-428. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2022.08.009. Epub 2022 Sep 10.
The exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation is a significant risk factor generally underestimated by outdoor workers and employers. Several studies have pointed out that occupational solar exposure increased eye and skin diseases with a considerable impact on the lives and productivity of affected workers.The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness against ultraviolet radiation of some measures recently undertaken for the protection of lifeguards in a coastal area of Tuscany.
Different shading structures (gazebos and beach umbrella) were tested during a sunny summer's day on a sandy beach by means of two radiometers; the UV protection offered by some T-shirts used by lifeguards was also tested in the laboratory with a spectrophotometer.
The analysed shading structures strongly reduced the ultraviolet radiation by up to 90%, however a not always negligible diffuse radiation is also present in the shade, requiring further protective measures (T-shirt, sunglasses, sunscreen, etc.); the tested T-shirts showed a very good-excellent protection according to the Australian/New Zealand standard.
Results obtained in this study suggest how the adoption and dissemination of good practices, including those tested, could be particularly effective as a primary prevention for lifeguards who are subjected to very high levels of radiation for long periods.
暴露于太阳紫外线辐射是一个重要的风险因素，通常被户外工作者和雇主低估。多项研究指出，职业性太阳暴露会增加眼部和皮肤疾病，对受影响工人的生活和生产力产生相当大的影响。本研究的主要目的是评估托斯卡纳沿海地区近期为保护救生员而采取的一些措施对紫外线辐射的防护效果。
在一个阳光明媚的夏日，通过两台辐射计在沙滩上对不同的遮阳结构（遮阳棚和沙滩伞）进行测试；还在实验室中用分光光度计测试了救生员使用的一些T恤的紫外线防护能力。
分析的遮阳结构能大幅减少紫外线辐射，降幅高达90%，然而在阴凉处也存在不可忽视的漫射辐射，需要进一步采取防护措施（T恤、太阳镜、防晒霜等）；根据澳大利亚/新西兰标准，测试的T恤显示出非常好至极好的防护效果。
本研究获得的结果表明，采用和推广包括所测试措施在内的良好做法，作为对长期遭受高强度辐射的救生员的一级预防措施可能特别有效。
