Département de nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Liliane de Stewart, CP 6128 succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3T 1A8, Canada.
Centre de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal et du CIUSS du Centre-sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (CReSP), 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montréal, QC, H3N 1X7, Canada.
Can J Public Health. 2021 Jun;112(Suppl 1):154-167. doi: 10.17269/s41997-021-00488-6. Epub 2021 Jun 28.
Our objective is to describe self-reported health status, prevalence of diabetes and obesity and their associations in participants from the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (FNFNES) in order to identify possible correlates of health in First Nations adults.
FNFNES is a participatory study with First Nations Peoples living on reserve lands south of the 60 parallel. Health and diabetes were self-reported, and prevalence of obesity was evaluated. Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors and traditional food (TF) activities were investigated for associations with health parameters.
High prevalence rates of overweight/obesity (78-91%) and diabetes (19% age-standardized prevalence) were found. Smoking rates were high and physical activity was low. In multivariable analyses, obesity was associated with region, income source, age, gender, smoking and self-reported health; diabetes and lesser self-reported health were associated with obesity and lower education. Diabetes was strongly associated with lesser self-reported health and weakly associated with being a smoker.
We have identified possible correlates of health in this population that can help to better understand the underlying concerns and identify solutions for First Nations and their partners. We urge governments and First Nations to address the systemic problems identified with a holistic ecosystem approach that takes into consideration the financial and physical access to food, particularly TF, and the facilitation of improved health behaviour. New mechanisms co-developed with First Nations leadership should focus on supporting sustainable, culturally safe and healthy lifestyles and closing the gaps in nutrition and food insecurity.
本研究旨在描述原住民食物、营养和环境研究（FNFNES）参与者的自我报告健康状况、糖尿病和肥胖症的流行情况及其相关性，以确定原住民成年人健康的可能相关因素。
FNFNES 是一项参与式研究，涉及居住在北纬 60 度以南保留地的原住民。健康和糖尿病是自我报告的，肥胖的流行情况进行了评估。社会人口统计学和生活方式因素以及传统食物（TF）活动与健康参数的相关性进行了调查。
超重/肥胖（78-91%）和糖尿病（标准化年龄患病率 19%）的流行率很高。吸烟率很高，身体活动水平很低。在多变量分析中，肥胖与地区、收入来源、年龄、性别、吸烟和自我报告的健康有关；糖尿病和较差的自我报告健康与肥胖和较低的教育程度有关。糖尿病与较差的自我报告健康密切相关，与吸烟轻度相关。
我们已经确定了该人群健康的可能相关因素，这有助于更好地理解原住民及其合作伙伴的潜在问题，并确定解决方案。我们敦促政府和原住民采取整体生态系统方法解决确定的系统性问题，该方法考虑到食物，特别是 TF 的经济和物质获取，以及促进改善健康行为。与原住民领导层共同制定的新机制应侧重于支持可持续、文化安全和健康的生活方式，并缩小营养和粮食不安全方面的差距。
