Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Pavillon Liliane de Stewart, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3T 1A8, Canada.
Can J Public Health. 2021 Jun;112(Suppl 1):81-96. doi: 10.17269/s41997-021-00495-7. Epub 2021 Jun 28.
First Nations may have a higher risk of contaminant exposure from the consumption of traditional foods. The objective of this study was to measure concentrations of metals and organochlorines in traditional foods commonly consumed by First Nations in Canada and estimate the risk from dietary exposure.
Data were collected from the participatory First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008-2018). Traditional food samples were collected by community members and concentrations of metals and organochlorines were measured. The population-weighted mean daily contaminant intake from traditional food items was estimated. Hazard quotients (HQs) were calculated by dividing contaminant intake with the toxicological reference values (TRVs).
A total of 2061 food samples (different parts and organs) from 221 species were collected. The highest concentrations of cadmium were found in the kidneys of land mammals: moose kidney was the most significant contributor to intake. The meat of land mammals and birds had the highest lead concentrations and were the most significant contributors to intake. Arsenic was highest in seaweed, and prawn was the most significant contributor. Mercury and methyl mercury were highest in harp seal meat, with walleye/pickerel contributing most to intake. Harp seal meat also had the highest p,p'-DDE and PCB concentrations, and ooligan grease and salmon were the most significant contributors to intake. The percentage of adults eating traditional food who exceeded the TRVs was 1.9% for cadmium, 3.7% for lead, 13.6% for arsenic, 0.7% for mercury, and 0% for p,p'-DDE and PCBs. All median HQs, and most 95th percentile HQs, were less than 1.
These results can be used as a baseline of contaminant levels and exposure in traditional foods for future monitoring programs and to support risk assessment programs.
第一民族（加拿大原住民）可能因食用传统食物而面临更高的污染物暴露风险。本研究旨在测量加拿大第一民族常食用的传统食物中的金属和有机氯污染物浓度，并评估其膳食暴露风险。
数据来自参与式第一民族食品、营养和环境研究（2008-2018 年）。社区成员收集传统食物样本，并测量金属和有机氯污染物的浓度。估计了传统食物中污染物的人群加权日均摄入量。通过将污染物摄入量除以毒理学参考值（TRV）来计算危害系数（HQ）。
共收集了 221 种 2061 个不同部位和器官的食物样本。陆地哺乳动物肾脏中的镉浓度最高：驯鹿肾是摄入量的主要贡献者。陆地哺乳动物和鸟类的肉中铅浓度最高，是摄入量的主要贡献者。海藻中的砷浓度最高，对虾是摄入量的主要贡献者。海狗肉中的汞和甲基汞浓度最高，大眼鲷/梭鱼的贡献最大。海狗肉中的 p,p'-DDE 和 PCB 浓度最高，油鱼和鲑鱼的摄入量最大。食用传统食物的成年人中，超过 TRV 的镉为 1.9%，铅为 3.7%，砷为 13.6%，汞为 0.7%，p,p'-DDE 和 PCBs 为 0%。所有中位数 HQ，以及大多数 95%分位数 HQ，均小于 1。
这些结果可作为未来监测计划和支持风险评估计划的传统食物中污染物水平和暴露的基线。
