Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y, Zootecnia, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.
Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Rumiantes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y, Zootecnia, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.
J Immunol Methods. 2021 Sep;496:113088. doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113088. Epub 2021 Jun 26.
Blue eye disease (BED) of pigs was identified in the early 1980s in La Piedad, Michoacan, Mexico. The causal agent is Porcine orthorubulavirus (PRV), which affects pigs of all ages, producing nervous, respiratory, and reproductive disorders. BED is geographically endemic to the center of Mexico, where 75% of the country's swine industry is concentrated. Due to its adverse effects on the swine industry and the risk of dissemination to other countries, it is essential to have reliable diagnostic methods for BED. The objective of this study was to establish the optimal conditions for three serological tests, hemagglutination inhibition (HI), immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA), and serum neutralization (SN), and to compare their sensitivity, specificity, kappa coefficient, and predictive values. Twelve different HI protocols (9408 tests), one SN protocol and one IPMA protocol (784 tests, each) were evaluated. Forty-nine sera were analyzed, and thirty-seven sera showed true positive results, while twelve showed true negative results. The kappa coefficient was used to assess the variation in each test. The best HI protocol registered a sensitivity and specificity of 89 and 100%, respectively, the IPMA test showed values of 85 and 100%, and the SN test registered a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 96%. One of the disadvantages of the HI test is that when chicken red blood cells (RBCs) are used, elution occurs in a short incubation time, which would decrease the specificity. The use of bovine RBCs increases the specificity of the testy and makes it more stable, but it decreases the sensitivity. The results of HI and SN revealed the importance of eliminating the complement system of the serum and removing other inhibitors to avoid test nonspecificity. The IPMA test does not use an active virus; hence, it is considered safe and does not present any risk of disseminating PRV.
猪蓝眼病（BED）于 20 世纪 80 年代初在墨西哥米却肯州的拉皮德亚被发现。病原体是猪正呼肠孤病毒（PRV），它影响所有年龄段的猪，导致神经、呼吸和生殖障碍。BED 在墨西哥中部呈地方性流行，该国 75%的养猪业集中在该地区。由于其对养猪业的不利影响以及传播到其他国家的风险，因此必须有可靠的 BED 诊断方法。本研究的目的是确定三种血清学检测方法（血凝抑制试验（HI）、免疫过氧化物酶单层试验（IPMA）和血清中和试验（SN）的最佳条件，并比较它们的敏感性、特异性、kappa 系数和预测值。评估了 12 种不同的 HI 方案（9408 次测试）、1 种 SN 方案和 1 种 IPMA 方案（784 次测试，各 1 次）。分析了 49 份血清，其中 37 份显示为真阳性结果，12 份显示为真阴性结果。kappa 系数用于评估每个测试的变化。最佳 HI 方案的敏感性和特异性分别为 89%和 100%，IPMA 试验的敏感性和特异性分别为 85%和 100%，SN 试验的敏感性为 91%，特异性为 96%。HI 试验的一个缺点是，当使用鸡红细胞（RBC）时，在短孵育时间内会发生洗脱，这会降低特异性。使用牛 RBC 会增加试验的特异性并使其更稳定，但会降低敏感性。HI 和 SN 的结果表明，消除血清补体系统和去除其他抑制剂以避免测试非特异性非常重要。IPMA 试验不使用活性病毒；因此，它被认为是安全的，不会传播 PRV。
