Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of the Cienega.
Department of Technological Sciences, University Center of the Cienega.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2021 Jun 14;28(2):208-213. doi: 10.26444/aaem/136362. Epub 2021 May 24.
In humans, there are sets of genes that encode enzymes that decrease or increase the risks derived from exposure to pesticides. These include DNA repair genes (XRCC1, OGG1 and XRCC4); pesticide metabolizers (GSTP1 and PON1), and genes that act against oxidative stress (SOD2 and NQO1).
The aim of this literature review is to provide information about the genes involved in the defence systems against exposure to pesticides, as well as their polymorphisms, functions, and general characteristics of the encoded enzymes.
Information was obtained from scientific articles published between 2015-2020 in the PubMed database (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).
Genes related to the defence processes against pesticides present single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with allelic variants that affect the expressions or structures of the encoded enzymes, negatively altering their activities. If we knew the genetic profile that includes polymorphisms of DNA-repairing genes, metabolizing genes, and genes against oxidative stress in subjects exposed to pesticides, we would also know about their susceptibility to poisoning caused by these chemicals.
The genes could be used to propose a genetic profile in farmers exposed to various pesticides, including 10 gene polymorphisms involved in susceptibility to various pathologies related to DNA repair, xenobiotic metabolism, and oxidative stress. It could also be useful as a preventive measure to identify susceptibility to pesticide poisoning.
在人类中，有一组基因编码的酶可以降低或增加接触农药带来的风险。这些基因包括 DNA 修复基因（XRCC1、OGG1 和 XRCC4）；农药代谢酶（GSTP1 和 PON1），以及对抗氧化应激的基因（SOD2 和 NQO1）。
本文综述的目的是提供有关防御系统基因的信息，这些基因参与了对抗暴露于农药的作用，以及它们的多态性、功能和编码酶的一般特征。
信息来自于 2015-2020 年在 PubMed 数据库（https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov）上发表的科学文章。
与防御过程相关的基因存在单核苷酸多态性（SNPs），其等位基因变体影响编码酶的表达或结构，从而负性改变其活性。如果我们知道包括 DNA 修复基因、代谢基因和抗氧化应激基因的多态性的遗传特征，我们也将了解它们对这些化学物质引起的中毒的易感性。
这些基因可用于提出暴露于各种农药的农民的遗传特征，包括 10 种与 DNA 修复、外源性代谢和氧化应激相关的各种病理易感性相关的基因多态性。它也可以作为一种预防措施，以确定对农药中毒的易感性。
