Kaur Rupinder, Kaur Karashdeep
Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India.
Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (VRDL), Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India.
Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2024 Oct-Dec;28(4):261-266. doi: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_324_23. Epub 2024 Dec 23.
Pesticides induce oxidative DNA damage and genotoxic effects such as DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs), double-strand breaks (DSBs), DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations, and enhanced sister chromatid exchanges. Such DNA damage can be repaired by DNA repair mechanisms. In humans, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are present in DNA repair genes involved in base excision repair (BER) (, and nucleotide excision repair (NER) (, , , and ), and double-strand break repair (DSBR) ( and ). This systematic review intends to provide information about occupational pesticide exposure, genotoxic effects of pesticides as well as association of DNA repair gene polymorphisms with the risk of pesticide-induced DNA damage. Polymorphisms present in DNA repair genes may influence interindividual variation in DNA repair capacity (DRC) by altering the functional properties of DNA repair enzymes and thus modulate DNA damage. The mechanisms of oxidative damage and disrupted DNA repair caused by the pesticides explain the link between pesticide exposure and adverse health outcomes. These polymorphisms in DNA repair genes could be used as biomarkers of susceptibility for pesticide-induced DNA damage among agricultural workers. It could also be useful as a preventive measure by identifying the genetic susceptibility of agricultural workers to pesticide-induced oxidative stress as well as pesticide poisoning.
农药会诱导氧化性DNA损伤和遗传毒性效应，如DNA单链断裂（SSB）、双链断裂（DSB）、DNA加合物、染色体畸变以及姐妹染色单体交换增加。这种DNA损伤可通过DNA修复机制进行修复。在人类中，参与碱基切除修复（BER）（……）、核苷酸切除修复（NER）（……）以及双链断裂修复（DSBR）（……）的DNA修复基因中存在单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。本系统综述旨在提供有关职业性农药暴露、农药的遗传毒性效应以及DNA修复基因多态性与农药诱导的DNA损伤风险之间关联的信息。DNA修复基因中存在的多态性可能通过改变DNA修复酶的功能特性来影响个体间DNA修复能力（DRC）的差异，从而调节DNA损伤。农药引起的氧化损伤和DNA修复破坏机制解释了农药暴露与不良健康后果之间的联系。这些DNA修复基因中的多态性可作为农业工人中农药诱导的DNA损伤易感性的生物标志物。通过识别农业工人对农药诱导的氧化应激以及农药中毒的遗传易感性，它还可作为一种预防措施。
