Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(32):8972-8985. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1937510. Epub 2021 Jun 29.
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major foodborne pathogen that causes acute viral gastroenteritis, and bivalve shellfish are one of the main carriers of HuNoV transmission. A comprehensive understanding of bivalve shellfish-related HuNoV outbreaks focusing on contamination factors, bioaccumulation mechanisms, and pre- and post-harvest interventions is essential for the development of effective strategies to prevent contamination of shellfish. This review comprehensively surveys the current knowledge on global contamination and non-thermal treatment of HuNoV in bivalve shellfish. HuNoV contamination in bivalve shellfish is significantly related to the season and water. While evaluating the water quality of shellfish-inhabited waters is a key intervention, the development of non-heat treatment technology to effectively inactivate the HuNoV in bivalve shellfish while maintaining the flavor and nutrition of the shellfish is also an important direction for further research. Additionally, this review explores the bioaccumulation mechanisms of HuNoV in bivalve shellfish, especially the mechanism underlying the binding of histo-blood group antigen-like molecules and HuNoV. The detection methods for infectious HuNoV are also discussed. The establishment of effective methods to rapidly detect infectious HuNoV and development of biological components to inactivate or prevent HuNoV contamination in shellfish also need to be studied further.
人诺如病毒（HuNoV）是一种主要的食源性病原体，可引起急性病毒性胃肠炎，双壳贝类是 HuNoV 传播的主要载体之一。全面了解与贝类相关的 HuNoV 暴发，重点关注污染因素、生物蓄积机制以及收获前后的干预措施，对于制定有效的预防贝类污染策略至关重要。本综述全面调查了全球关于贝类中 HuNoV 的污染和非热处理的现有知识。贝类中 HuNoV 的污染与季节和水有显著关系。评估贝类栖息水域的水质是关键干预措施，而开发非热处理技术以在保持贝类风味和营养的同时有效灭活贝类中的 HuNoV 也是进一步研究的重要方向。此外，本综述还探讨了 HuNoV 在双壳贝类中的生物蓄积机制，特别是组织血型类似物分子与 HuNoV 结合的机制。还讨论了传染性 HuNoV 的检测方法。建立有效的方法来快速检测传染性 HuNoV 以及开发生物成分来灭活或预防贝类中的 HuNoV 污染也需要进一步研究。
