澳大利亚男同性恋群体中与赌博相关的危害和问题产生的风险及保护因素。

Risk and protective factors for the development of gambling-related harms and problems among Australian sexual minority men.

作者信息

Bush Rachel, Russell Alex M T, Staiger Petra K, Waling Andrea, Dowling Nicki A

机构信息

School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, BurwoodGeelong, 3125, Australia.

Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Level 6, 400 Kent St, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.

出版信息

BMC Psychol. 2021 Jun 29;9(1):102. doi: 10.1186/s40359-021-00597-4.

DOI:10.1186/s40359-021-00597-4

PMID:34187562

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8240316/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Sexual minority men (SMM) often experience stressful social environments dominated by stigma and discrimination. SMM are typically more likely than heterosexual men to engage in certain risky behaviours such as problem gambling. This study aimed to compare gambling behaviour among SMM and examine potential risk factors (erroneous gambling cognitions, gambling outcome expectancies, hazardous alcohol use, impulsivity, and psychological distress; as well as perceived stigma and discrimination for the SMM participants) and potential protective factors (resilience, social support, and community connectedness) for problem gambling severity and gambling-related harms among SMM living in Australia.

METHODS

An online survey, with an over-representation of SMM participants and problem, moderate-risk, and low-risk gamblers, was completed by 101 SMM (mean age = 28.5) and 207 heterosexual men (mean age = 26.4).

RESULTS

SMM were found to have significantly lower levels of problem gambling severity compared with heterosexual men, and report significantly lower gambling participation, frequencies and expenditure on any gambling activity, casino table games, horse racing/greyhound betting, sports betting, and keno. However, in the SMM group, 38.3% were classified in the problem gambling category of the Problem Gambling Severity Index and 27.6% were classified in the moderate-risk gambling category. There were no significant differences between groups in gambling-related harms. Multiple regression analyses revealed that problem gambling severity and related harms were independently predicted by higher levels of impulsivity and erroneous gambling cognitions for both groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Lower frequency of gambling behaviours among SMM and similar risk factors predicting problem gambling severity/harms for both groups suggests that problem gambling is not pronounced among SMM. This study adds new evidence to the gambling literature which can be used as comparative benchmarks for future research.

摘要

背景

性少数群体男性（SMM）常常处于充满污名和歧视的压力社会环境中。与异性恋男性相比，SMM通常更有可能参与某些危险行为，如问题赌博。本研究旨在比较SMM中的赌博行为，并研究潜在风险因素（错误的赌博认知、赌博结果预期、有害饮酒、冲动性和心理困扰；以及SMM参与者所感受到的污名和歧视）和潜在保护因素（心理韧性、社会支持和社区联系）对居住在澳大利亚的SMM中问题赌博严重程度和与赌博相关危害的影响。

方法

101名SMM（平均年龄 = 28.5岁）和207名异性恋男性（平均年龄 = 26.4岁）完成了一项在线调查，该调查中SMM参与者以及问题、中度风险和低风险赌徒的比例过高。

结果

发现SMM的问题赌博严重程度显著低于异性恋男性，且报告显示在任何赌博活动、赌场桌游、赛马/赛狗投注、体育投注和基诺游戏上的赌博参与度、频率和支出均显著较低。然而，在SMM组中，38.3%被归类为问题赌博严重程度指数中的问题赌博类别，27.6%被归类为中度风险赌博类别。两组在与赌博相关的危害方面没有显著差异。多元回归分析显示，两组中较高水平的冲动性和错误的赌博认知独立预测了问题赌博严重程度和相关危害。