美国青少年使用大麻的风险和保护因素的种族/民族差异。
Race/ethnicity differences in risk and protective factors for marijuana use among U.S. adolescents.
机构信息
School of Nursing, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S College Rd, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA.
Department of Public Administration, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2021 Jul 1;21(1):1167. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11159-z.
BACKGROUND
Little is known about how race and ethnicity influence marijuana-specific risk and protective factors in U.S. adolescents. We examined differences in risk and protective factors of marijuana use (MU) and their associations with MU by race/ethnicity.
METHODS
The present study used data from the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. A total of 68,263 adolescents (aged 12 to 17 years) were divided into seven subgroups by race/ethnicity (White, Hispanic, Black, Asian, Native American, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NH/PI), and mixed race). Marijuana-specific risk and protective factors (RPFs) were examined, including perceived availability of marijuana, adolescents' perceived risk of MU and perceived disapproval of parents, peers, and close friends. Past-month, past-year, and lifetime MU were used as MU outcomes to examine the associations with RPFs as well as with race/ethnicity.
RESULTS
Overall, 6.85, 12.67, and 15.52% of the sample reported past-month, past-year, and lifetime MU respectively. Weighted adjusted logistic regression analyses revealed that mixed race adolescents reported the greatest perceived availability of marijuana, whereas Black and Asian adolescents had less access compared to White adolescents. The adolescents' perception of parental disapproval of MU was the lowest for Native American adolescents and highest for Asian adolescents. Mixed race adolescents experienced lower peer and close friend disapproval of MU while Black and Asian adolescents had higher. The MU risk perception was lower in most groups including Black, Hispanic, Native American, and mixed race adolescents, but not in Asian adolescents. Native American adolescents scored the highest on all MU outcomes, whereas Asian adolescents scored the lowest. Perceived availability of marijuana was associated with higher MU in all MU outcomes. Lower disapproval MU perceptions and lower MU risk perceptions were also associated with greater MU.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest there is considerable heterogeneity of marijuana risk and protective factors and MU across race/ethnicity among U.S. adolescents.
背景
在美国青少年中，种族和民族如何影响大麻特有的风险和保护因素知之甚少。我们研究了大麻使用（MU）的风险和保护因素的差异，以及这些因素与种族/民族的关系。
方法
本研究使用了 2015-2019 年全国毒品使用与健康调查的数据。共有 68263 名青少年（年龄在 12 至 17 岁之间）按种族/民族（白人、西班牙裔、黑人、亚洲人、美洲原住民、夏威夷原住民/太平洋岛民（NH/PI）和混合种族）分为七个亚组。检查了大麻特有的风险和保护因素（RPFs），包括大麻的感知可获得性、青少年对 MU 的感知风险以及对父母、同伴和密友的感知反对。将过去一个月、过去一年和终生 MU 作为 MU 结果，以检查与 RPFs 以及与种族/民族的关系。
结果
总体而言，样本中分别有 6.85%、12.67%和 15.52%报告过去一个月、过去一年和终生 MU。加权调整后的逻辑回归分析显示，混合种族青少年报告的大麻感知可获得性最大，而与白人青少年相比，黑人青少年和亚洲青少年的大麻可获得性较低。青少年对 MU 的父母反对感知最低的是美洲原住民青少年，最高的是亚洲青少年。混合种族青少年的同伴和密友对 MU 的反对程度较低，而黑人和亚洲青少年的反对程度较高。除亚洲青少年外，大多数群体（包括黑人、西班牙裔、美洲原住民和混合种族青少年）的 MU 风险感知较低。美洲原住民青少年在所有 MU 结果中得分最高，而亚洲青少年得分最低。大麻的感知可获得性与所有 MU 结果中的 MU 更高相关。对 MU 的感知反对程度较低和 MU 风险感知程度较低也与 MU 更大相关。
结论
这些发现表明，在美国青少年中，大麻风险和保护因素以及 MU 存在相当大的种族/民族异质性。
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