Wu Li-Tzy, Swartz Marvin S, Brady Kathleen T, Hoyle Rick H
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
J Psychiatr Res. 2015 May;64:79-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.02.022. Epub 2015 Mar 6.
Due to changes in cannabis policies, concerns about cannabis use (CU) in adolescents have increased. The population of nonwhite groups is growing quickly in the United States. We examined perceived CU norms and their association with CU and CU disorder (CUD) for White, Black, Hispanic, Native-American, Asian-American, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NH/PI), and mixed-race adolescents. Data were from adolescents (12-17 years) in the 2004-2012 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (N = 163,837). Substance use and CUD were assessed by computer-assisted, self-interviewing methods. Blacks, Hispanics, Native-Americans, and mixed-race adolescents had greater odds of past-year CU and CUD than Whites. Among past-year cannabis users (CUs), Hispanics and Native-Americans had greater odds of having a CUD than Whites. Asian-Americans had the highest prevalence of perceived parental or close friends' CU disapproval. Native-Americans and mixed-race adolescents had lower odds than Whites of perceiving CU disapproval from parents or close friends. In adjusted analyses, adolescent's disapproval of CU, as well as perceived disapproval by parents or close friends, were associated with a decreased odds of CU in each racial/ethnic group, except for NHs/PIs. Adolescent's disapproval of CU was associated with a decreased odds of CUD among CUs for Whites (personal, parental, and close friends' disapproval), Hispanics (personal, parental, and close friends' disapproval), and mixed-race adolescents (personal, close friends' disapproval). Racial/ethnic differences in adolescent CU prevalence were somewhat consistent with adolescents' reports of CU norm patterns. Longitudinal research on CU health effects should oversample nonwhite adolescents to assure an adequate sample for analysis and reporting.
由于大麻政策的变化，青少年对大麻使用（CU）的担忧有所增加。在美国，非白人群体的人口增长迅速。我们研究了白人、黑人、西班牙裔、美洲原住民、亚裔美国人、夏威夷原住民/太平洋岛民（NH/PI）和混血青少年对大麻使用规范的认知及其与大麻使用和大麻使用障碍（CUD）的关联。数据来自2004 - 2012年全国药物使用和健康调查中的青少年（12 - 17岁）（N = 163,837）。物质使用和CUD通过计算机辅助的自我访谈方法进行评估。黑人、西班牙裔、美洲原住民和混血青少年过去一年使用大麻和患CUD的几率高于白人。在过去一年的大麻使用者（CUs）中，西班牙裔和美洲原住民患CUD的几率高于白人。亚裔美国人中，认为父母或密友不赞成使用大麻的比例最高。美洲原住民和混血青少年认为父母或密友不赞成使用大麻的几率低于白人。在调整分析中，除了NH/PI外，青少年对大麻使用的不赞成以及父母或密友的不赞成认知，与每个种族/族裔群体中使用大麻的几率降低相关。青少年对大麻使用的不赞成与白人（个人、父母和密友的不赞成）、西班牙裔（个人、父母和密友的不赞成）和混血青少年（个人、密友的不赞成）中CUs患CUD的几率降低相关。青少年大麻使用流行率的种族/族裔差异与青少年对大麻使用规范模式的报告在一定程度上一致。关于大麻使用对健康影响的纵向研究应增加对非白人青少年的抽样，以确保有足够的样本进行分析和报告。
