Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy.
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy.
Mol Aspects Med. 2021 Aug;80:100981. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100981. Epub 2021 Jun 27.
Innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2) are considered the innate counterpart of Th2 cells and cooperate with them in host protection against helminths and in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. ILC2 are characterized by type 2 cytokines production (IL-13, IL-4 and IL-5) and by GATA-3 transcription factor expression. Belonging to innate immune system, ILC2 lack of antigen specific receptor and their activation is controlled mainly by epithelial derived cytokines, such as TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33. ILC2 are located in a strategic position in the airway mucosa and are important to patrol the airways, to recruit other immune system cells and to activate resident cells in response to pathogens injury and/or tissue damage. In the last decade, many studies, in both humans and mice, focused on ILC2, fully investigating their main features such as the development from the precursor, the stimuli for their activation or inhibition, their plasticity, their classification in different subsets, and finally, their pathogenetic role in type 2 immune-mediated disorders. In this review we performed an excursus on phenotypical and functional properties on both human and mouse ILC2, in physiological and pathological conditions (mainly in type 2 asthma), considering this cell subset as target for specific therapeutic strategies.
固有淋巴细胞 2 型（ILC2）被认为是 Th2 细胞的先天对应物，它们与 Th2 细胞在宿主抵御寄生虫和过敏疾病发病机制中协同作用。ILC2 的特征在于产生 2 型细胞因子（IL-13、IL-4 和 IL-5）和转录因子 GATA-3 的表达。属于先天免疫系统，ILC2 缺乏抗原特异性受体，其激活主要由上皮衍生细胞因子（如 TSLP、IL-25 和 IL-33）控制。ILC2 位于气道黏膜的战略位置，对于巡逻气道、招募其他免疫系统细胞以及在病原体损伤和/或组织损伤时激活驻留细胞非常重要。在过去的十年中，许多在人类和小鼠中进行的研究都集中在 ILC2 上，充分研究了它们的主要特征，例如从前体的发育、激活或抑制的刺激物、它们的可塑性、它们在不同亚群中的分类，以及最后，它们在 2 型免疫介导的疾病中的发病机制作用。在这篇综述中，我们在生理和病理条件下（主要是在 2 型哮喘中）对人和小鼠的 ILC2 的表型和功能特性进行了探讨，将这个细胞亚群作为特定治疗策略的靶点。
