Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Research Triangle, North Carolina, USA; Intramural Program, National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Sleep Health. 2021 Oct;7(5):528-534. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2021.05.001. Epub 2021 Jun 28.
Since waste from swine industrial livestock operations (ILOs) produces air pollutants associated with negative health outcomes among nearby residents, we assessed the impact of odorant emissions on sleep duration and awakenings.
A repeated-measures design.
Sixteen residential communities in eastern North Carolina hosting swine ILOs.
Eighty participants residing in eastern North Carolina from 2003 to 2005.
INTERVENTION (IF ANY): Not applicable.
Study participants completed twice-daily diaries in which they rated the strength of hog odors and indicated whether they were asleep or awake per hour for 2 weeks. Simultaneously, a monitoring trailer placed in a central location in each community measured the atmospheric concentration of hydrogen sulfide (HS). Subject-conditional fixed-effects regression models were used to estimate associations between 2 markers of swine ILO pollutant exposures (HS and swine odor) and 2 self-reported sleep outcomes (nightly sleep duration and awakening from sleep).
Among 80 participants, nightly (across a 12-hour period) swine odor was associated with lower nightly sleep duration (mean difference = -14.3 minutes, 95% confidence interval -25.0 to -3.3 minutes) compared to odor-free nights and detection of nightly hydrogen sulfide was associated with an increased risk of awakening (hazard ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 1.55) compared to nights with no detection of hydrogen sulfide.
These results suggest that environmental odorants are important considerations for sleep health and highlight the importance of sleep as a potential mediator between environmental air pollution and health outcomes impacted by poor sleep.
由于猪的工业养殖（ILO）废物会产生与附近居民负面健康结果相关的空气污染物，我们评估了气味排放对睡眠持续时间和觉醒的影响。
重复测量设计。
北卡罗来纳州东部的 16 个居住社区，这些社区都有猪的 ILO。
2003 年至 2005 年期间居住在北卡罗来纳州东部的 80 名参与者。
干预措施（如果有）：不适用。
研究参与者每天两次填写日记，记录他们对猪臭味的强度评分，并按小时记录他们每小时是睡着还是醒来的状态，持续两周。同时，在每个社区的中心位置放置一个监测拖车，测量大气中硫化氢（HS）的浓度。使用受试者条件固定效应回归模型来估计两种猪 ILO 污染物暴露标志物（HS 和猪臭味）与两种自我报告的睡眠结果（每晚睡眠时间和睡眠中醒来）之间的关联。
在 80 名参与者中，与无臭味的夜晚相比，每夜（12 小时期间）猪臭味与每晚睡眠时间减少相关（平均差异为-14.3 分钟，95%置信区间为-25.0 至-3.3 分钟），而每晚检测到的硫化氢与觉醒的风险增加相关（风险比为 1.23，95%置信区间为 0.98 至 1.55），与未检测到硫化氢的夜晚相比。
这些结果表明，环境气味是睡眠健康的重要考虑因素，并强调了睡眠作为环境空气污染和受睡眠不佳影响的健康结果之间潜在中介因素的重要性。
