Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba S. u. 40., 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
Department of Feed Toxicology, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő Campus, Páter K. u. 1., 2053 Gödöllő, Hungary.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Jun 27;13(7):444. doi: 10.3390/toxins13070444.
At exactly the individual permitted EU-tolerance dietary limits, fumonisins (FB: 5 mg/kg diet) and mixed fusariotoxins (DZ: 0.9 mg deoxynivalenol + 0.1 mg zearalenone/kg diet, and FDZ: 5 mg fumonisins + 0.9 mg deoxynivalenol + 0.1 mg zearalenone/kg diet) were administered to piglets ( = 6/group) for three weeks. Bodyweights of intoxicated piglets increased, while feed conversion ratios decreased. In FDZ, both the absolute and relative weight of the liver decreased. In the renal-cellular membrane, the most pronounced alterations were in FDZ treatment, followed by individual FB exposure. In both treatments, high proportions of C20:0 and C22:0 with low fatty acid (FA) unsaturation were found. In hepatocyte phospholipids, FDZ toxins exerted antagonistic interactions, and FB had the strongest increasing effect on FA monounsaturation. Among all investigated organs, the spleen lipids were the least responsive, in which FDZ expressed synergistic reactions on C20:0 (↑ FDZ vs. FB) and C22:0 (↓ FDZ vs. DZ). The antioxidant defense of the kidney was depleted (↓ glutathione concentration by FB-exposure). Blood plasma indicated renal injury (profound increase of urea and creatinine in FB vs. DZ and FDZ). FB strongly increased total-cholesterol and low density lipoprotein concentrations, whereas FDZ synergistically increased gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline-phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus levels. Summarized, individual and combined multiple fusariotoxins modified the membrane lipid profile and antioxidant defense of splanchnic organs, and serum biochemicals, without retarding growth in piglets.
在个体允许的欧盟容忍膳食限量内，伏马菌素（FB：5mg/kg 饲料）和混合镰刀菌毒素（DZ：0.9mg 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇+0.1mg 玉米赤霉烯酮/kg 饲料，FDZ：5mg 伏马菌素+0.9mg 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇+0.1mg 玉米赤霉烯酮/kg 饲料）分别被给予仔猪（每组 6 头），为期 3 周。染毒仔猪体重增加，而饲料转化率降低。在 FDZ 中，肝脏的绝对和相对重量均减少。在肾细胞膜中，最明显的变化发生在 FDZ 处理中，其次是个体 FB 暴露。在这两种处理中，均发现 C20:0 和 C22:0 的比例较高，脂肪酸（FA）不饱和程度较低。在肝细胞磷脂中，FDZ 毒素表现出拮抗相互作用，而 FB 对 FA 单不饱和的影响最强。在所研究的所有器官中，脾脏脂质的反应性最低，其中 FDZ 对 C20:0（↑ FDZ vs. FB）和 C22:0（↓ FDZ vs. DZ）表现出协同反应。肾脏的抗氧化防御能力被耗尽（FB 暴露导致谷胱甘肽浓度↓）。血浆表明肾脏损伤（FB 与 DZ 和 FDZ 相比，尿素和肌酐明显增加）。FB 强烈增加总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白浓度，而 FDZ 协同增加γ-谷氨酰转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、钙和磷水平。总之，单独和联合的多种镰刀菌毒素改变了内脏器官的膜脂谱和抗氧化防御，以及血清生物化学，而不会减缓仔猪的生长。
