Bellaloui Nacer, Saha Sukumar, Tonos Jennifer L, Scheffler Jodi A, Jenkins Johnie N, McCarty Jack C, Stelly David M
Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA, Agriculture Research Service, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA.
Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Jun 7;10(6):1158. doi: 10.3390/plants10061158.
Nutrients, including macronutrients such as Ca, P, K, and Mg, are essential for crop production and seed quality, and for human and animal nutrition and health. Macronutrient deficiencies in soil lead to poor crop nutritional qualities and a low level of macronutrients in cottonseed meal-based products, leading to malnutrition. Therefore, the discovery of novel germplasm with a high level of macronutrients or significant variability in the macronutrient content of crop seeds is critical. To our knowledge, there is no information available on the effects of chromosome or chromosome arm substitution on cottonseed macronutrient content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chromosome or chromosome arm substitution on the variability and content of the cottonseed macronutrients Ca, K, Mg, N, P, and S in chromosome substitution lines (CS). Nine chromosome substitution lines were grown in two-field experiments at two locations in 2013 in South Carolina, USA, and in 2014 in Mississippi, USA. The controls used were TM-1, the recurrent parent of the CS line, and the cultivar AM UA48. The results showed major variability in macronutrients among CS lines and between CS lines and controls. For example, in South Carolina, the mean values showed that five CS lines (CS-T02, CS-T04, CS-T08sh, CS-B02, and CS-B04) had higher Ca level in seed than controls. Ca levels in these CS lines varied from 1.88 to 2.63 g kg compared with 1.81 and 1.72 g kg for TM-1 and AMUA48, respectively, with CS-T04 having the highest Ca concentration. CS-M08sh exhibited the highest K concentration (14.50 g kg), an increase of 29% and 49% over TM-1 and AM UA48, respectively. Other CS lines had higher Mg, P, and S than the controls. A similar trend was found at the MS location. This research demonstrated that chromosome substitution resulted in higher seed macronutrients in some CS lines, and these CS lines with a higher content of macronutrients can be used as a genetic tool towards the identification of desired seed nutrition traits. Also, the CS lines with higher desired macronutrients can be used as parents to breed for improved nutritional quality in Upland cotton, L., through improvement by the interspecific introgression of desired seed nutrient traits such as Ca, K, P, S, and N. The positive and significant ( ≤ 0.0001) correlation of P with Ca, P with Mg, S with P, and S with N will aid in understanding the relationships between nutrients to improve the fertilizer management program and maintain higher cottonseed nutrient content.
包括钙（Ca）、磷（P）、钾（K）和镁（Mg）等大量营养素在内的养分，对于作物生产和种子质量，以及人类和动物的营养与健康至关重要。土壤中大量营养素的缺乏会导致作物营养品质不佳，以及以棉籽粕为基础的产品中大量营养素含量较低，进而导致营养不良。因此，发现具有高水平大量营养素或作物种子大量营养素含量存在显著变异的新型种质至关重要。据我们所知，目前尚无关于染色体或染色体臂替换对棉籽大量营养素含量影响的信息。本研究的目的是评估染色体或染色体臂替换对染色体代换系（CS）中棉籽大量营养素钙、钾、镁、氮、磷和硫的变异及含量的影响。2013年在美国南卡罗来纳州的两个地点以及2014年在美国密西西比州进行了两场田间试验，种植了9个染色体代换系。所使用的对照品种为CS系的轮回亲本TM-1以及品种AM UA48。结果表明，CS系之间以及CS系与对照之间的大量营养素存在主要变异。例如，在南卡罗来纳州，平均值显示5个CS系（CS-T02、CS-T04、CS-T08sh、CS-B02和CS-B04）种子中的钙含量高于对照。这些CS系中的钙含量在1.88至2.63 g/kg之间，而TM-1和AMUA48的钙含量分别为1.81和1.72 g/kg，其中CS-T04的钙浓度最高。CS-M08sh的钾浓度最高（14.50 g/kg），分别比TM-1和AM UA48高出29%和49%。其他CS系的镁、磷和硫含量高于对照。在密西西比州的试验地点也发现了类似趋势。本研究表明，染色体替换导致一些CS系种子中的大量营养素含量更高，这些大量营养素含量较高的CS系可作为一种遗传工具，用于鉴定所需的种子营养性状。此外，具有较高所需大量营养素的CS系可作为亲本，通过种间渗入所需的种子营养性状（如钙、钾、磷、硫和氮）来改良陆地棉的营养品质。磷与钙、磷与镁、硫与磷以及硫与氮之间呈正相关且显著（≤0.0001），这将有助于理解养分之间的关系，从而改进肥料管理方案并维持较高的棉籽养分含量。
