Post-Graduate Program in Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz. CEP, Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil.
Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil.
Molecules. 2021 Jun 10;26(12):3546. doi: 10.3390/molecules26123546.
Mart. (açai) is a native palm from the Amazon region. There are various chemical constituents of açai with bioactive properties. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and cytotoxic effects of açai seed extract on breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) was applied to identify chemical compounds present in açai seed extract. LC-MS/MS and molecular networking were employed to detect the phenolic compounds of açai. The antioxidant activity of açai seed extract was measured by DPPH assay. MCF-7 breast cancer cell line viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell death was evaluated by flow cytometry and time-lapse microscopy. Autophagy was evaluated by orange acridin immunofluorescence assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated by DAF assay. From the molecular networking, fifteen compounds were identified, mainly phenolic compounds. The açai seed extract showed cytotoxic effects against MCF-7, induced morphologic changes in the cell line by autophagy and increased the ROS production pathway. The present study suggests that açai seed extract has a high cytotoxic capacity and may induce autophagy by increasing ROS production in breast cancer. Apart from its antioxidant activity, flavonoids with high radical scavenging activity present in açai also generated NO (nitric oxide), contributing to its cytotoxic effect and autophagy induction.
玛黛（acai）是一种原产于亚马逊地区的棕榈树。玛黛含有多种具有生物活性的化学成分。本研究旨在评估玛黛籽油对乳腺癌细胞系（MCF-7）的化学成分和细胞毒性作用。全球天然产物社会分子网络（GNPS）被用于鉴定玛黛籽油中的化学化合物。LC-MS/MS 和分子网络被用于检测玛黛酚类化合物。DPPH 测定法用于测定玛黛籽油的抗氧化活性。MTT 测定法用于评估 MCF-7 乳腺癌细胞系的活力。通过流式细胞术和延时显微镜评估细胞死亡。通过橙色吖啶免疫荧光法评估自噬。通过 DAF 测定法评估活性氧（ROS）的产生。通过分子网络，鉴定出了 15 种化合物，主要是酚类化合物。玛黛籽油对 MCF-7 具有细胞毒性作用，通过自噬诱导细胞系形态发生变化，并增加 ROS 产生途径。本研究表明，玛黛籽油具有高细胞毒性，通过增加 ROS 产生诱导自噬。除了抗氧化活性外，玛黛中具有高自由基清除活性的类黄酮也产生了一氧化氮（NO），这有助于其细胞毒性作用和自噬诱导。
