Sharonova Natalia, Nikitin Evgeny, Terenzhev Dmitriy, Lyubina Anna, Amerhanova Syumbelya, Bushmeleva Kseniya, Rakhmaeva Adelya, Fitsev Igor, Sinyashin Kirill
Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center «Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences», ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia.
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation, and Biological Safety», Nauchny Gorodok-2, 420075 Kazan, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Jun 23;10(7):1279. doi: 10.3390/plants10071279.
The data on the phytochemical composition and biological activity for flowering plant extracts of the genus (Knapweed)-cornflower ( L.), brown knapweed ( L.), and greater knapweed ( L.), which are typical representatives of the flora in the middle belt of the Russian Federation, were obtained. For the first time, biologically active substances such as pyranone, coumaran (2,3-dihydrobenzofuran), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were identified in ethanol and methanol extracts of L. by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Catechol and α-amyrin were the major components of the ethanol extract from L., and flavone was the major component of L. flower extract. The greatest antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens was detected in L. when extracting freshly harvested flower biomass with methyl tert-butyl ether at room temperature: the minimum inhibitory concentrations were 60-120 µg/mL, the minimum fungicidal concentration was 120 µg/mL, and the minimum bactericidal concentration was 250 µg/mL. The low antioxidant activity of the studied plant extracts was established using the maximum values of L. Ethanol extract of L. flowers had low antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The extracts showed no phytotoxicity to garden cress germination but inhibited the growth of juvenile plants, especially roots. The greatest phytotoxic effect was revealed with methyl tert-butyl ether, where the depression of growth indicators was 35% or more.
获得了俄罗斯联邦中部地带植物区系的典型代表——矢车菊属（矢车菊）、褐矢车菊和大矢车菊开花植物提取物的植物化学成分和生物活性数据。通过气相色谱 - 质谱法首次在矢车菊的乙醇和甲醇提取物中鉴定出生物活性物质，如吡喃酮、香豆冉（2,3 - 二氢苯并呋喃）和5 - 羟甲基糠醛。儿茶酚和α - 香树脂醇是矢车菊乙醇提取物的主要成分，黄酮是矢车菊花提取物的主要成分。当在室温下用甲基叔丁基醚提取新鲜收获的矢车菊花生物量时，检测到矢车菊对植物病原体具有最大的抗菌活性：最低抑菌浓度为60 - 120μg/mL，最低杀菌浓度为120μg/mL，最低杀菌浓度为250μg/mL。利用矢车菊的最大值确定了所研究植物提取物的低抗氧化活性。矢车菊花的乙醇提取物具有低抗菌和抗氧化活性。提取物对水芹种子萌发没有植物毒性，但抑制了幼苗的生长，尤其是根部。甲基叔丁基醚显示出最大的植物毒性作用，生长指标的抑制率为35%或更高。
