Lab of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Zografou, Greece.
Attiki Bee Culturing Co., 14568 Athens, Greece.
Molecules. 2022 Oct 18;27(20):7018. doi: 10.3390/molecules27207018.
Propolis samples from a geographical part of northwest Greece (Prespa National Park, PNP), which is characterized as a plant endemism center and biodiversity hotspot, were characterized through pollen analysis, chemically analyzed, and biologically evaluated. The majority of the studied propolis showed typical chemical constituents (phenolic acids, flavonoids, and chalcones) of European type, while a sample of Mediterranean-type propolis (rich in diterpenes) was also identified. The palynological characterization was implemented to determine the botanical origin and to explain the chemical composition. The total phenolic content and the DPPH assay showed that the European-type propolis samples possessed strong antioxidant activity (86-91% inhibition at 200 μg/mL). Moreover, promising antibacterial activity of the extracts (MIC values 0.56-1.95 mg/mL) and moderate antifungal activity (MIC values 1.13-2.40 mg/mL) were noticed, while the sample with the highest activity had a significant content in terpenes (Mediterranean type). Propolis samples from the PNP area represent a rich source of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds and confirm the fact that propolis is a significant natural product with potential use for improving human health and stimulating the body's defense. Finally, it is noteworthy that a significant chemical diversity was demonstrated, even in samples from a limited geographical area as this of PNP.
来自希腊西北部一个地理区域（普雷斯帕国家公园，PNP）的蜂胶样本通过花粉分析、化学分析和生物评估进行了表征。研究中的大多数蜂胶表现出典型的欧洲类型的化学特征（酚酸、类黄酮和查耳酮），而也确定了一种具有地中海类型的蜂胶（富含二萜）。花粉学特征的确定是为了确定植物的起源并解释其化学成分。总酚含量和 DPPH 测定表明，欧洲类型的蜂胶样品具有很强的抗氧化活性（在 200μg/mL 时抑制率为 86-91%）。此外，提取物表现出有希望的抗菌活性（MIC 值为 0.56-1.95mg/mL）和适度的抗真菌活性（MIC 值为 1.13-2.40mg/mL），而活性最高的样品具有萜烯的高含量（地中海类型）。来自 PNP 地区的蜂胶样品代表了丰富的具有抗菌和抗氧化活性的化合物来源，并证实了蜂胶是一种具有潜在用途的重要天然产物，可用于改善人类健康和刺激身体防御。最后，值得注意的是，即使在 PNP 这样的有限地理区域的样本中，也表现出显著的化学多样性。
