School of Traffic & Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China.
School of Economics & Management, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 25;18(13):6820. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18136820.
As a component of the traffic control plan, traffic signs on highways offer drivers necessary information. Unfortunately, many signs are unfamiliar to or misunderstood by drivers, especially when lacking a setting method; this includes exit advance guide signs in tunnels. These are generally set in roadbed sections, but space limitations in tunnels dictate that they must be set differently. To evaluate the effect of the setting method, an experiment was designed and conducted, during which the eye movements of 44 drivers with different familiarity levels were tracked. Twenty-two of the drivers had not previously participated in any experiment involving exit advance guide signs in highway tunnels, while 22 of them had. Time period data were analyzed, including data from before the sign appeared, when it appeared, and when it disappeared. Based on area division and Markov theory, attributes related to gaze transition were obtained, including one- and two-step gaze transition probabilities and area gaze probabilities. The results showed that gaze transition was confirmed to be significantly different between the three periods and between the drivers. Features extracted from eye movement characteristics, gaze transition paths, and gaze areas demonstrated that visual attention is more dispersed in familiar drivers during the lane-change intention period. Therefore, signs should be placed on the left wall of the highway tunnel.
作为交通控制计划的一个组成部分，高速公路上的交通标志为驾驶员提供了必要的信息。不幸的是，许多标志对驾驶员来说是陌生的或误解的，尤其是在缺乏设置方法的情况下；这包括隧道中的出口预告标志。这些标志通常设置在路基路段，但隧道的空间限制要求它们必须采用不同的设置方法。为了评估设置方法的效果，设计并进行了一项实验，在此期间，跟踪了 44 名具有不同熟悉程度的驾驶员的眼动。其中 22 名驾驶员之前没有参加过任何涉及高速公路隧道出口预告标志的实验，而另外 22 名驾驶员则有过相关经验。分析了时间段数据，包括标志出现前、出现时和消失时的数据。基于区域划分和马尔可夫理论，获得了与注视转移相关的属性，包括一步和两步注视转移概率以及区域注视概率。结果表明，注视转移在三个时间段和驾驶员之间都存在显著差异。从眼动特征、注视转移路径和注视区域中提取的特征表明，在变道意图期，熟悉驾驶员的视觉注意力更为分散。因此，标志应设置在高速公路隧道的左侧墙上。
