纳米材料在油气废水处理中的透视与挑战。
The Perspective and Challenge of Nanomaterials in Oil and Gas Wastewater Treatment.
机构信息
Collage of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400047, China.
Key Laboratory of Complex Oil and Gas Field Exploration and Development of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing University of Science & Technology, Chongqing 401331, China.
出版信息
Molecules. 2021 Jun 28;26(13):3945. doi: 10.3390/molecules26133945.
Oil and gas wastewater refers to the waste stream produced in special production activities such as drilling and fracturing. This kind of wastewater has the following characteristics: high salinity, high chromaticity, toxic and harmful substances, poor biodegradability, and a difficulty to treat. Interestingly, nanomaterials show great potential in water treatment technology because of their small size, large surface area, and high surface energy. When nanotechnology is combined with membrane treatment materials, nanofiber membranes with a controllable pore size and high porosity can be prepared, which provides more possibilities for oil-water separation. In this review, the important applications of nanomaterials in wastewater treatment, including membrane separation technology and photocatalysis technology, are summarized. Membrane separation technology is mainly manifested in ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO). It also focuses on the application of semiconductor photocatalysis technology induced by TiO in the degradation of oil and gas wastewater. Finally, the development trends of nanomaterials in oil and gas wastewater treatment are prospected.
含油天然气废水是指在钻井、压裂等特殊生产活动中产生的废水。这种废水具有以下特点：高盐度、高色度、有毒有害物质、生物降解性差、处理难度大。有趣的是，纳米材料由于其尺寸小、比表面积大、表面能高等特点，在水处理技术中表现出巨大的潜力。当纳米技术与膜处理材料结合时，可以制备出具有可控孔径和高孔隙率的纳米纤维膜，这为油水分离提供了更多的可能性。在本文综述中，总结了纳米材料在废水处理中的重要应用，包括膜分离技术和光催化技术。膜分离技术主要表现为超滤（UF）、纳滤（NF）和反渗透（RO），并重点介绍了 TiO 诱导的半导体光催化技术在含油天然气废水中的应用。最后，展望了纳米材料在含油天然气废水处理中的发展趋势。
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