Centre for Human Structural and Functional Research, Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 17C Narutowicza St., 70-240 Szczecin, Poland.
Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska St., 71-415 Szczecin, Poland.
Cells. 2021 Jun 6;10(6):1406. doi: 10.3390/cells10061406.
Acute, strenuous physical exertion requiring high levels of energy production induces the production of reactive oxygen species and metabolic disturbances that can damage the mitochondria. Thus, selective autophagic elimination of defective mitochondria may improve resistance to oxidative stress and potentially to inflammation. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impacts of intense effort on changes in the expression of select genes related to post-effort inflammation and autophagy. Thirty-five men aged 16-21 years were recruited to the study. The impacts of both aerobic (endurance) and anaerobic (speed) efforts on selected genes encoding chemokines (, ) were analyzed. Significant increases in the expression of all studied genes excluding were observed. Moreover, both types of effort induced an increase in the expression of genes encoding IL-2, -4, -6, -10, IFN-γ and TNF-α, excluding IL-17A. Generally, these efforts caused a significant increase in the relative expression of apoptosis- ( and ) and autophagy- (, , , , , , and ) related genes. It seems that the duration of physical activity and its bioenergetic cost has an important impact on the degree of increase in expression of this panel of autophagy-related genes. Anaerobic effort is more strenuous than aerobic effort and requires a higher bioenergetic investment. This may explain the stronger impact of anaerobic effort on the expression of the studied genes. This observation seems to support the protective role of autophagy proposed in prior studies.
剧烈、高强度的体力活动需要大量的能量产生，会导致活性氧物种的产生和代谢紊乱，从而损害线粒体。因此，选择性自噬消除有缺陷的线粒体可能会提高对氧化应激和炎症的抵抗力。本研究的主要目的是评估剧烈运动对与运动后炎症和自噬相关的选择基因表达变化的影响。招募了 35 名年龄在 16-21 岁的男性参加这项研究。分析了有氧运动（耐力）和无氧运动（速度）对编码趋化因子（、）的选定基因的影响。除了外，所有研究基因的表达都显著增加。此外，两种类型的运动都诱导了编码 IL-2、-4、-6、-10、IFN-γ和 TNF-α的基因表达增加，而不包括 IL-17A。总的来说，这些运动导致凋亡相关基因（和）和自噬相关基因（、、、、、、和）的相对表达显著增加。似乎体力活动的持续时间及其生物能量成本对这组自噬相关基因表达的增加程度有重要影响。无氧运动比有氧运动更剧烈，需要更高的生物能量投入。这可能解释了无氧运动对研究基因表达的更强影响。这一观察结果似乎支持了先前研究中提出的自噬的保护作用。
