Nowak Robert, Kostrzewa-Nowak Dorota
Department of Biological Bases of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
Centre for Human Structural and Functional Research, Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
J Med Biochem. 2019 Mar 26;38(4):437-444. doi: 10.2478/jomb-2019-0013. eCollection 2019 Oct.
Molecular mechanisms of biological adaptation to training in professional soccer players are unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of progressive physical effort on peripheral T-cells and their molecular response.
Thirteen soccer players form Pogo Szczecin S.A., a top league soccer club, (median age 21, range 18- 31, years old) performed progressive efficiency tests on a mechanical treadmill until exhaustion at the start (period 1) and the end (period 2) of a competition round. Venous blood T-lymphocyte subsets, selected hallmarks of cell death and plasma cytokine levels were determined by flow cytometry three times: pre-exercise, post-exercise, and in recovery.
Although significant changes in T, Tc and Tc-naïve cell percentages were found in both periods, Th-naïve cell percentages were altered only in period 1. Post-exercise IL-10 plasma levels were higher than pre-exercise, while an increase in TNF-α levels was noticed in recovery from both periods. An increase in recovery IL-12p70 levels was observed in the second period. Increases in the percentage of T-cells with disrupted mitochondrial membrane potentials, elevated levels of phosphorylated H2AX histones and increases in early apoptotic T-cells were also observed.
The immune system in soccer players creates space for naïve CD3CD8 cells by inducing mechanisms of cell death. It seems that the cumulative effect of physical activity during a competition round induced an adaptive mechanism, since the cell death process was induced faster during period 2.
职业足球运动员生物适应训练的分子机制尚不清楚。本研究的目的是评估渐进性体力活动对外周血T细胞及其分子反应的影响。
来自顶级联赛足球俱乐部波戈热莱茨足球俱乐部（Pogo Szczecin S.A.）的13名足球运动员（年龄中位数21岁，范围18 - 31岁）在机械跑步机上进行渐进性效率测试，直至在比赛轮次开始时（第1阶段）和结束时（第2阶段）达到疲劳状态。通过流式细胞术在运动前、运动后和恢复阶段三次测定静脉血T淋巴细胞亚群、细胞死亡的选定标志以及血浆细胞因子水平。
虽然在两个阶段均发现T细胞、Tc细胞和初始Tc细胞百分比有显著变化，但仅在第1阶段初始Th细胞百分比发生改变。运动后血浆IL - 10水平高于运动前，而在两个阶段恢复过程中均注意到TNF - α水平升高。在第2阶段观察到恢复过程中IL - 12p70水平升高。还观察到线粒体膜电位破坏的T细胞百分比增加、磷酸化H2AX组蛋白水平升高以及早期凋亡T细胞增加。
足球运动员的免疫系统通过诱导细胞死亡机制为初始CD3CD8细胞创造空间。由于在第2阶段细胞死亡过程诱导更快，似乎比赛轮次期间体力活动的累积效应诱导了一种适应性机制。
