Vacca Mirco, Celano Giuseppe, Lenucci Marcello Salvatore, Fontana Sergio, Forgia Flavia Maria la, Minervini Fabio, Scarano Aurelia, Santino Angelo, Dalfino Giuseppe, Gesualdo Loreto, De Angelis Maria
Department of Soil Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2021 Jun 17;9(6):1316. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9061316.
We aimed to develop an innovative synbiotic formulation for use in reducing dysbiosis, uremic toxins (e.g., -cresol and indoxyl sulfate), and, consequently, the pathognomonic features of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Twenty-five probiotic strains, belonging to lactobacilli and , were tested for their ability to grow in co-culture with different vegetable (pomegranate, tomato, and grapes) sources of antioxidants and prebiotics (inulin, fructo-oligosaccharides, and β-glucans). Probiotics were selected based on the acidification rates and viable cell counts. Inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides reported the best prebiotic activity, while a pomegranate seed extract was initially chosen as antioxidant source. The investigation was also conducted in fecal batches from healthy and CKD subjects, on which metabolomic analyses (profiling volatile organic compounds and total free amino acids) were conducted. Two out of twenty-five probiotics were finally selected. After the stability tests, the selective innovative synbiotic formulation (named NatuREN G) comprised BLC1, LC4P1, fructo-oligosaccharides, inulin, quercetin, resveratrol, and proanthocyanidins. Finally, NatuREN G was evaluated on fecal batches collected from CKD in which modified the viable cell densities of some cultivable bacterial patterns, increased the concentration of acetic acid and decane, while reduced the concentration of nonanoic acid, dimethyl trisulfide, and indoxyl sulfate.
我们旨在开发一种创新的合生元配方，用于减少肠道菌群失调、尿毒症毒素（如对甲酚和硫酸吲哚酚），从而改善慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者的特征。对属于乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的25种益生菌菌株进行了测试，以评估它们与不同蔬菜（石榴、番茄和葡萄）来源的抗氧化剂和益生元（菊粉、低聚果糖和β-葡聚糖）共培养时的生长能力。根据酸化率和活菌计数选择益生菌。菊粉和低聚果糖具有最佳的益生元活性，而石榴籽提取物最初被选为抗氧化剂来源。研究还在健康受试者和CKD患者的粪便样本上进行，对其进行代谢组学分析（分析挥发性有机化合物和总游离氨基酸）。最终从25种益生菌中选出了两种。经过稳定性测试，最终确定的创新合生元配方（命名为NatuREN G）包含嗜酸乳杆菌BLC1、植物乳杆菌LC4P1、低聚果糖、菊粉、槲皮素、白藜芦醇和原花青素。最后，对从CKD患者收集的粪便样本进行了NatuREN G评估，结果显示该配方改变了一些可培养细菌模式的活菌密度，增加了乙酸和癸烷的浓度，同时降低了壬酸、二甲基三硫和硫酸吲哚酚的浓度。
