Reiner Gerald, Kuehling Josef, Loewenstein Frederik, Lechner Mirjam, Becker Sabrina
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinic for Swine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 112, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
LSZ Boxberg, Seehöfer Str. 50, 97944 Boxberg, Germany.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Jun 3;11(6):1670. doi: 10.3390/ani11061670.
Tail biting is a prevalent and undesirable behaviour in pigs and a major source of significant reduction in well-being. However, focusing on biting considers only one part of the solution, because tail damage can be found with a high prevalence without any action by other pigs. The lesions are not limited to the tail but can also be found in the ears, heels, soles, claw coronary bands, teats, navel, vulva, and face. Environmental improvement alone often fails to overcome the problem. This review addresses a new inflammation and necrosis syndrome in swine (SINS). It shows the clinical signs and the frequencies of occurrence in different age groups. It compiles scientific evidence from clinical and histopathological studies in newborn piglets that argue for a primary endogenous aetiology of the disease. Bringing together the findings of a broad body of research, the possible mechanisms leading to the disease are identified and then discussed. This part will especially focus on microbe-associated molecular patterns in the circulation and their role in activating defence mechanisms and inflammation. Finally, the methods are identified to ameliorate the problem by optimizing husbandry and selecting a suitable breeding stock.
咬尾是猪群中一种普遍且不良的行为，也是猪只福利显著下降的主要原因。然而，只关注咬尾行为仅解决了部分问题，因为即使没有其他猪只的行为影响，尾巴损伤也很常见。损伤不仅限于尾巴，在耳朵、脚跟、脚掌、蹄冠带、乳头、肚脐、外阴和面部也会出现。仅靠改善环境往往无法解决问题。本综述探讨了猪的一种新的炎症和坏死综合征（SINS）。它展示了不同年龄组的临床症状和发病频率。它汇集了新生仔猪临床和组织病理学研究的科学证据，支持该疾病的主要内源性病因。综合大量研究结果，确定并讨论了导致该疾病的可能机制。这部分将特别关注循环中的微生物相关分子模式及其在激活防御机制和炎症中的作用。最后，确定了通过优化饲养管理和选择合适种猪来改善该问题的方法。
