IBER Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yildiz Technical University, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jun 18;22(12):6552. doi: 10.3390/ijms22126552.
Resin-based composite materials have been widely used in restorative dental materials due to their aesthetic, mechanical, and physical properties. However, they still encounter clinical shortcomings mainly due to recurrent decay that develops at the composite-tooth interface. The low-viscosity adhesive that bonds the composite to the tooth is intended to seal this interface, but the adhesive seal is inherently defective and readily damaged by acids, enzymes, and oral fluids. Bacteria infiltrate the resulting gaps at the composite-tooth interface and bacterial by-products demineralize the tooth and erode the adhesive. These activities lead to wider and deeper gaps that provide an ideal environment for bacteria to proliferate. This complex degradation process mediated by several biological and environmental factors damages the tooth, destroys the adhesive seal, and ultimately, leads to failure of the composite restoration. This paper describes a co-tethered dual peptide-polymer system to address composite-tooth interface vulnerability. The adhesive system incorporates an antimicrobial peptide to inhibit bacterial attack and a hydroxyapatite-binding peptide to promote remineralization of damaged tooth structure. A designer spacer sequence was incorporated into each peptide sequence to not only provide a conjugation site for methacrylate (MA) monomer but also to retain active peptide conformations and enhance the display of the peptides in the material. The resulting MA-antimicrobial peptides and MA-remineralization peptides were copolymerized into dental adhesives formulations. The results on the adhesive system composed of co-tethered peptides demonstrated both strong metabolic inhibition of and localized calcium phosphate remineralization. Overall, the result offers a reconfigurable and tunable peptide-polymer hybrid system as next-generation adhesives to address composite-tooth interface vulnerability.
树脂基复合材料由于其美观、机械和物理性能，已广泛应用于修复牙科材料。然而，它们仍然存在临床缺陷，主要是由于在复合材料与牙齿的界面处发生复发性龋坏。用于将复合材料粘结到牙齿上的低粘度胶粘剂旨在密封该界面，但胶粘剂密封本身存在缺陷，容易受到酸、酶和口腔液的破坏。细菌渗透到复合材料与牙齿的界面处产生的间隙中，细菌副产物使牙齿脱矿并侵蚀胶粘剂。这些活动导致间隙变宽变深，为细菌增殖提供了理想的环境。这种由几个生物和环境因素介导的复杂降解过程会损害牙齿、破坏胶粘剂密封，最终导致复合材料修复失败。本文描述了一种共系绳双肽-聚合物系统，以解决复合材料与牙齿界面的脆弱性问题。该胶粘剂系统包含一种抗菌肽以抑制细菌攻击，以及一种结合羟磷灰石的肽以促进受损牙体结构的再矿化。在每个肽序列中都引入了一个设计间隔序列，不仅提供了用于甲基丙烯酸酯 (MA) 单体的键合位点，而且还保留了活性肽构象，并增强了肽在材料中的展示。所得的 MA-抗菌肽和 MA-再矿化肽被共聚成牙科胶粘剂配方。共系绳肽组成的胶粘剂系统的结果表明，对代谢有很强的抑制作用，且局部的磷酸钙再矿化。总的来说，该结果提供了一种可重构和可调谐的肽-聚合物杂化系统，作为下一代胶粘剂来解决复合材料与牙齿界面的脆弱性问题。
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