Rodríguez-Bejarano Oscar Hernán, Avendaño Catalina, Patarroyo Manuel Alfonso
Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Calle 222#55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia.
Animal Science Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Calle 222#55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia.
Life (Basel). 2021 Jun 9;11(6):534. doi: 10.3390/life11060534.
Chagas disease is caused by the kinetoplastid parasite , which is mainly transmitted by hematophagous insect bites. The parasite's lifecycle has an obligate intracellular phase (amastigotes), while metacyclic and bloodstream-trypomastigotes are its infective forms. Mammalian host cell recognition of the parasite involves the interaction of numerous parasite and host cell plasma membrane molecules and domains (known as lipid rafts), thereby ensuring internalization by activating endocytosis mechanisms triggered by various signaling cascades in both host cells and the parasite. This increases cytoplasmatic Ca and cAMP levels; cytoskeleton remodeling and endosome and lysosome intracellular system association are triggered, leading to parasitophorous vacuole formation. Its membrane becomes modified by containing the parasite's infectious form within it. Once it has become internalized, the parasite seeks parasitophorous vacuole lysis for continuing its intracellular lifecycle, fragmenting such a vacuole's membrane. This review covers the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in adhesion to, recognition of and internalization in host target cells.
恰加斯病由动基体寄生虫引起，主要通过吸血昆虫叮咬传播。该寄生虫的生命周期有一个 obligate 细胞内阶段（无鞭毛体），而循环后期和血流型锥鞭毛体是其感染形式。哺乳动物宿主细胞对该寄生虫的识别涉及众多寄生虫和宿主细胞质膜分子及结构域（称为脂筏）的相互作用，从而通过激活宿主细胞和寄生虫中各种信号级联引发的内吞机制来确保内化。这会增加细胞质中钙和环磷酸腺苷水平；引发细胞骨架重塑以及内体和溶酶体细胞内系统关联，导致寄生泡形成。其膜通过在内部包含寄生虫的感染形式而发生改变。一旦被内化，寄生虫会寻求寄生泡裂解以继续其细胞内生命周期，使这种泡的膜破碎。本综述涵盖了宿主靶细胞中涉及黏附、识别和内化的细胞及分子机制。
