The Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 11;18(12):6325. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18126325.
Global concerns about the environmental effects (e.g., pollution, land use, noise) of last-mile deliveries are increasing. Parcel lockers are seen as an option to reduce these external effects of last-mile deliveries. The contributions of this paper are threefold: firstly, the research studies simulating the emissions caused by parcel delivery to lockers are summarized. Secondly, a demand model for parcel deliveries in New York City (NYC) is created for 365 days and delivery trips to lockers and homes are optimized for 20 "real-world" scenarios. Thirdly, using the emission factors included in the HandBook Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA) database, the maximum percentage of customers who could pick up a parcel by car from parcel lockers that would result in fewer total emissions (driving customers + walking customers) than if home deliveries were adopted is calculated for various pollutants and scenario assumptions (i.e., street types, temperature, parking duration, level of service and vehicle drivetrain). This paper highlights how small changes in the calibration can significantly change the results and therefore using average values for emission factors or only considering one pollutant like most studies may not be appropriate.
全球对最后一英里配送的环境影响（例如污染、土地利用、噪音）的担忧日益增加。包裹储物柜被视为减少最后一英里配送外部影响的一种选择。本文的贡献有三方面：首先，总结了模拟包裹投递到储物柜产生的排放的研究。其次，为纽约市（NYC）创建了 365 天的包裹投递需求模型，并针对 20 个“真实世界”场景对投递到储物柜和家庭的投递行程进行了优化。第三，使用 HandBook Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA) 数据库中包含的排放因子，计算了在各种污染物和场景假设（即街道类型、温度、停车时间、服务水平和车辆传动系）下，从包裹储物柜开车取包裹的客户比例最大，从而导致总排放量（驾车客户+步行客户）低于采用家庭投递的情况。本文强调了校准中的微小变化如何会显著改变结果，因此，使用排放因子的平均值或像大多数研究那样仅考虑一种污染物可能并不合适。
