Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
Viruses. 2021 Jun 11;13(6):1128. doi: 10.3390/v13061128.
Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) is an emerging class of immunotherapeutic drugs. Their mechanism of action is two-fold: direct cell lysis and unmasking of the cancer through immunogenic cell death, which allows the immune system to recognize and eradicate tumours. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and is challenging to treat with immunotherapy modalities because it is classically an immunogenically "cold" tumour type. This provides an attractive niche for OV, given viruses have been shown to turn "cold" tumours "hot," thereby opening a plethora of treatment opportunities. There has been a number of pre-clinical attempts to explore the use of OV in breast cancer; however, these have not led to any meaningful clinical trials. This review considers both the potential and the barriers to OV in breast cancer, namely, the limitations of monotherapy and the scope for combination therapy, improving viral delivery and challenges specific to the breast cancer population (e.g., tumour subtype, menopausal status, age).
溶瘤病毒治疗（OV）是一类新兴的免疫治疗药物。其作用机制有两方面：直接细胞裂解和通过免疫原性细胞死亡使肿瘤暴露，从而使免疫系统能够识别和清除肿瘤。乳腺癌是女性中最常见的癌症，用免疫治疗方法治疗具有挑战性，因为它通常是一种免疫原性“冷”肿瘤类型。鉴于病毒已被证明可将“冷”肿瘤变为“热”，从而为治疗提供了大量机会，因此这为 OV 提供了一个有吸引力的领域。已经有许多临床前尝试来探索 OV 在乳腺癌中的应用；然而，这些尝试并未导致任何有意义的临床试验。本综述考虑了 OV 在乳腺癌中的潜力和障碍，即单药治疗的局限性和联合治疗的范围，改善病毒传递以及乳腺癌人群特有的挑战（例如，肿瘤亚型、绝经状态、年龄）。
