Laboratório de Perícia no Desporto, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, 1495-751 Lisboa, Portugal.
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University Lusófona of Humanities and Technology, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 29;18(13):6941. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18136941.
Perception-action coupling is fundamental to effective motor behaviour in complex sports such as gymnastics. We examined the gaze and motor behaviours of 10 international level gymnasts when performing two skills on the mini-trampoline that matched the performance demands of elite competition. The presence and absence of a vaulting table in each skill served as a task-constraint factor, while we compared super-elite and elite groups. We measured visual search behaviours and kinematic variables during the approach run phase. The presence of a vaulting table influenced gaze behaviour only in the elite gymnasts, who showed significant differences in the time spent fixating on the mini-trampoline, when compared to super-elite gymnasts. Moreover, different approach run characteristics were apparent across the two different gymnastic tasks, irrespective of the level of expertise, and take-off velocity was influenced by the skill being executed across all gymnasts. Task constraints and complexity influence gaze behaviours differed across varying levels of expertise in gymnastics, even within a sample of international level athletes. It appears that the time spent fixating their gazes on the right areas of interest during the approach run is crucial to higher-level performance and therefore higher scores in competition, particularly on the mini-trampoline with vaulting table.
感知-动作耦合是体操等复杂运动中有效运动行为的基础。我们观察了 10 名国际级体操运动员在迷你蹦床上表演两项技能时的注视和运动行为，这两项技能与精英比赛的表现要求相匹配。每个技能中是否存在跳马台是一个任务约束因素，同时我们比较了超级精英组和精英组。我们在助跑阶段测量了视觉搜索行为和运动学变量。只有在精英体操运动员中，跳马台的存在才会影响注视行为，他们在注视迷你蹦床的时间上与超级精英体操运动员有显著差异。此外，无论专业水平如何，两种不同的体操任务都表现出明显不同的助跑特征，并且所有体操运动员的起飞速度都受到所执行技能的影响。任务约束和复杂性的影响在体操运动中不同的专业水平之间存在差异，即使在国际级运动员样本中也是如此。看来，在助跑过程中，将目光固定在正确的兴趣区域的时间对于更高水平的表现和因此在比赛中获得更高的分数至关重要，特别是在有跳马台的迷你蹦床上。
