Genetic Epidemiology and Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), 20133 Milan, Italy.
Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla C.P. 54090, MEX, Mexico.
Nutrients. 2021 Jun 29;13(7):2234. doi: 10.3390/nu13072234.
Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a common feature in colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Adoption of the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for the prevention of multiple diseases, and one of its mechanisms of action is the modulation of the microbiota. We aimed to determine whether MD can be used as a preventive measure against cancer and inflammation-related diseases of the gut, based on its capacity to modulate the local microbiota. A joint meta-analysis of publicly available 16S data derived from subjects following MD or other diets and from patients with CRC, IBD, or other gut-related diseases was conducted. We observed that the microbiota associated with MD was enriched in bacteria that promote an anti-inflammatory environment but low in taxa with pro-inflammatory properties capable of altering intestinal barrier functions. We found an opposite trend in patients with intestinal diseases, including cancer. Some of these differences were maintained even when MD was compared to healthy controls without a defined diet. Our findings highlight the unique effects of MD on the gut microbiota and suggest that integrating MD principles into a person's lifestyle may serve as a preventive method against cancer and other gut-related diseases.
肠道微生物失调是结直肠癌（CRC）和炎症性肠病（IBD）的共同特征。采用地中海饮食（MD）已被提议作为预防多种疾病的治疗方法，其作用机制之一是调节微生物群。我们旨在根据 MD 调节局部微生物群的能力，确定 MD 是否可作为预防与癌症和肠道炎症相关疾病的措施。对来自遵循 MD 或其他饮食的受试者以及 CRC、IBD 或其他肠道相关疾病患者的公开可用 16S 数据进行联合荟萃分析。我们观察到，与 MD 相关的微生物群富含促进抗炎环境的细菌，但具有促炎特性的分类群较少，这些分类群能够改变肠道屏障功能。我们在包括癌症在内的肠道疾病患者中发现了相反的趋势。即使将 MD 与没有明确饮食的健康对照者进行比较，其中一些差异仍然存在。我们的研究结果强调了 MD 对肠道微生物群的独特影响，并表明将 MD 原则融入个人的生活方式可能是预防癌症和其他肠道相关疾病的一种方法。
