Department of Pediatrics, Kawachi General Hospital, 1-31 Yokomakura, Higashi-Osaka 578-0954, Osaka, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jun 29;22(13):7008. doi: 10.3390/ijms22137008.
Prenatal malnutrition is known to affect the phenotype of the offspring through changes in epigenetic regulation. Growing evidence suggests that epigenetics is one of the mechanisms by which nutrients and minerals affect metabolic traits. Although the perinatal period is the time of highest phenotypic plasticity, which contributes largely to developmental programming, there is evidence of nutritional influence on epigenetic regulation during adulthood. Calcium (Ca) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance syndrome. Cortisol, the most important glucocorticoid, is considered to lead to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 is a key enzyme that catalyzes the intracellular conversion of cortisone to physiologically active cortisol. This brief review aims to identify the effects of Ca deficiency during pregnancy and/or lactation on insulin resistance in the offspring. Those findings demonstrate that maternal Ca deficiency during pregnancy may affect the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and thereby induce different metabolic phenotypes. We aim to address the need for Ca during pregnancy and propose the scaling-up of clinical and public health approaches that improved pregnancy outcomes.
产前营养不良已知通过表观遗传调控的变化影响后代的表型。越来越多的证据表明，表观遗传学是营养物质和矿物质影响代谢特征的机制之一。虽然围产期是表型可塑性最高的时期，这在很大程度上促成了发育编程，但有证据表明营养对成年期的表观遗传调控有影响。钙（Ca）在胰岛素抵抗综合征的发病机制中起着重要作用。皮质醇是最重要的糖皮质激素，被认为会导致胰岛素抵抗和代谢综合征。11β-羟类固醇脱氢酶-1 是一种关键酶，可催化皮质酮向生理活性皮质醇的细胞内转化。这篇简要综述旨在确定妊娠和/或哺乳期 Ca 缺乏对后代胰岛素抵抗的影响。这些发现表明，妊娠期间母体 Ca 缺乏可能会影响基因表达的表观遗传调控，从而诱导不同的代谢表型。我们旨在解决妊娠期间对 Ca 的需求，并提出扩大临床和公共卫生措施的规模，以改善妊娠结局。
