2019 年朝觐期间朝圣者的胃肠道症状以及对食物和水安全的知识和实践。
Gastrointestinal symptoms and knowledge and practice of pilgrims regarding food and water safety during the 2019 Hajj mass gathering.
机构信息
The Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2021 Jul 1;21(1):1288. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11381-9.
BACKGROUND
Food and water-borne diseases (FWBDs) are a health risk at the Hajj mass gathering. The current study documented the prevalence and management of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms among pilgrims during the 2019 Hajj and assessed their knowledge and practice concerning food and water safety.
METHOD
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Macca, Saudi Arabia, among adult Hajj pilgrims from 28 countries. Data was collected from 15th-20th August 2019 by facer-to-face interviews using an anonymous structured questionnaire. Basic demographic data as well as information regarding pilgrims' knowledge and practice relating to food and water safety and any GI symptoms experienced during the Hajj was collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
The study enrolled 1363 pilgrims with a mean age of 50.1 years (SD = 12.3) and 63.4% (n = 845) were male. At least 9.7% (n = 133) of pilgrims experience GI symptoms and 5.1% (69/1363) suffered diarrhea. Most respondents drunk bottled water (99.4%, n = 1324) and obtained their food from their hotel /Hajj mission (> 86%). In general, pilgrims had good knowledge and practice in relation to food and water safety, although risky practices were noted concerning keeping food at unsafe temperatures and hazardous sharing of food and water. Gender, nationality and suffering GI symptoms during Hajj were significantly associated with good knowledge and good practice. There was a moderate but statistically significant positive correlation between knowledge and practice scores (r = 0.41, p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
Despite overall good knowledge and self-reported practice, risky behaviors relating to food and water safety were identified among pilgrims, many of whom suffered from GI symptoms during Hajj. Our results can form the basis for developing tailored, targeted and effective interventions to improve pilgrims' knowledge and behavior and reduce the burden of FWBDs at the Hajj and beyond.
背景
食源性和水源性疾病（FWBDs）是朝觐人群健康的风险因素。本研究记录了 2019 年朝觐期间朝圣者胃肠道（GI）症状的患病率和管理情况，并评估了他们对食物和水安全的知识和实践。
方法
在沙特麦加对来自 28 个国家的成年朝觐者进行了一项分析性横断面研究。2019 年 8 月 15 日至 20 日，通过面对面访谈使用匿名结构化问卷收集数据。收集并分析了基本人口统计学数据以及与食物和水安全相关的朝圣者知识和实践信息，以及朝觐期间经历的任何 GI 症状。
结果
本研究共纳入 1363 名朝圣者，平均年龄为 50.1 岁（标准差=12.3），其中 63.4%（n=845）为男性。至少有 9.7%（n=133）的朝圣者出现 GI 症状，5.1%（69/1363）的朝圣者患有腹泻。大多数受访者饮用瓶装水（99.4%，n=1324），并从酒店/朝觐团获得食物（>86%）。总的来说，朝圣者在食物和水安全方面具有良好的知识和实践，但在保持食物处于不安全温度以及危险的食物和水共享方面存在危险行为。性别、国籍和朝觐期间出现 GI 症状与良好的知识和良好的实践显著相关。知识和实践评分之间存在中度但具有统计学意义的正相关（r=0.41，p<0.0001）。
结论
尽管总体知识水平良好且自我报告的实践良好，但朝圣者在食物和水安全方面存在危险行为，其中许多人在朝觐期间出现 GI 症状。我们的研究结果可以为制定有针对性的干预措施提供依据，以提高朝圣者的知识和行为，降低朝觐和其他地方 FWBDs 的负担。
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