Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Hallein/Rif, Austria.
Department of Health & Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
J Sports Sci Med. 2021 Mar 8;20(2):250-257. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2021.250. eCollection 2021 Jun.
Competitive ski mountaineering (SKIMO) has achieved great popularity within the past years. However, knowledge about the predictors of performance and physiological response to SKIMO racing is limited. Therefore, 21 male SKIMO athletes split into two performance groups (elite: VO 71.2 ± 6.8 ml· min· kg vs. sub-elite: 62.5 ± 4.7 ml· min· kg) were tested and analysed during a vertical SKIMO race simulation (523 m elevation gain) and in a laboratory SKIMO specific ramp test. In both cases, oxygen consumption (VO), heart rate (HR), blood lactate and cycle characteristics were measured. During the race simulation, the elite athletes were approximately 5 min faster compared with the sub-elite (27:15 ± 1:16 min; 32:31 ± 2:13 min; p < 0.001). VO was higher for elite athletes during the race simulation (p = 0.046) and in the laboratory test at ventilatory threshold 2 (p = 0.005) and at maximum VO (p = 0.003). Laboratory maximum power output is displayed as treadmill speed and was higher for elite than sub-elite athletes (7.4 ± 0.3 km h; 6.6 ± 0.3 km h; p < 0.001). Lactate values were higher in the laboratory maximum ramp test than in the race simulation (p < 0.001). Pearson's correlation coefficient between race time and performance parameters was highest for velocity and VO related parameters during the laboratory test (r > 0.6). Elite athletes showed their superiority in the race simulation as well as during the maximum ramp test. While HR analysis revealed a similar strain to both cohorts in both tests, the superiority can be explainable by higher VO and power output. To further push the performance of SKIMO athletes, the development of named factors like power output at maximum and ventilatory threshold 2 seems crucial.
竞技滑雪登山（SKIMO）在过去几年中广受欢迎。然而，对于 SKIMO 比赛的表现预测因素和生理反应知之甚少。因此，21 名男性 SKIMO 运动员被分为两个表现组（精英：71.2±6.8ml·min·kg 比 62.5±4.7ml·min·kg），在垂直 SKIMO 比赛模拟（海拔 523 米）和实验室 SKIMO 特定斜坡测试中进行了测试和分析。在这两种情况下，都测量了耗氧量（VO）、心率（HR）、血乳酸和自行车特征。在比赛模拟中，精英运动员比次精英运动员快约 5 分钟（27:15±1:16 分钟；32:31±2:13 分钟；p<0.001）。在比赛模拟和实验室测试的呼吸阈 2 时（p=0.046）和最大 VO 时（p=0.003），精英运动员的 VO 更高。实验室最大输出功率显示为跑步机速度，精英运动员高于次精英运动员（7.4±0.3km·h；6.6±0.3km·h；p<0.001）。在实验室最大斜坡测试中，乳酸值高于比赛模拟（p<0.001）。在实验室测试中，与比赛时间相关的速度和 VO 相关参数的 Pearson 相关系数最高（r>0.6）。精英运动员在比赛模拟和最大斜坡测试中都表现出了优势。虽然在两项测试中，HR 分析都显示出两组运动员的疲劳程度相似，但精英运动员的优势可以用更高的 VO 和功率输出来解释。为了进一步提高 SKIMO 运动员的成绩，发展最大输出和呼吸阈 2 等特定因素似乎至关重要。
