University of Waikato, New Zealand.
University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Appetite. 2021 Nov 1;166:105584. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105584. Epub 2021 Jun 29.
Concerns over potential negative effects of excessive meat consumption on both the environment and personal health, coupled with long-standing debates over animal rights, have motivated research on the prevalence and predictors of plant-based versus meat-based diets. Yet few studies have examined longitudinal trends in dietary behaviours using large national samples. We address this gap by examining the prevalence, predictors, and annual change in the self-reported dietary behaviour of a large national probability sample of New Zealand adults (categorised as omnivore, vegetarian, or vegan; Ns = 12,259-50,964). Consistent with our pre-registered hypotheses, omnivore was the most prevalent dietary category (94.1%). Moreover, higher levels of conservative ideologies (i.e., political conservatism, Right-Wing Authoritarianism, and Social Dominance Orientation), lower subjective health, lower environmental efficacy, and lower disgust sensitivity predicted having an omnivore (vs. vegetarian or vegan) diet. Longitudinal analyses further revealed that the probability of shifting from an omnivore diet to a vegetarian or vegan diet over a one-year period was low, and that veganism was the least stable dietary category. Both gender (men) and political conservatism predicted lower probabilities of transitioning from meat to no-meat diets over time.
人们对过量食用肉类对环境和个人健康可能产生的负面影响感到担忧，加上长期以来对动物权利的争论，促使人们研究以植物为基础的饮食与以肉类为基础的饮食的流行程度和预测因素。然而，很少有研究使用大型全国样本来检查饮食行为的纵向趋势。我们通过检查大量新西兰成年人（分为杂食者、素食者或素食主义者；n=12259-50964）的自我报告饮食行为的流行程度、预测因素和年度变化来解决这一差距。与我们预先注册的假设一致，杂食者是最普遍的饮食类别（94.1%）。此外，较高的保守意识形态水平（即政治保守主义、右翼权威主义和社会主导取向）、较低的主观健康水平、较低的环境效能感和较低的厌恶敏感性预测了杂食者（与素食者或素食者相比）的饮食。纵向分析进一步表明，在一年的时间内从杂食者饮食转变为素食者或素食者的可能性很低，而且素食主义是最不稳定的饮食类别。性别（男性）和政治保守主义都预示着随着时间的推移，从肉类到无肉饮食的转变可能性降低。
