Toujgani Hafsa, Wang Juhui, Perraud Elie, Baudry Julia, Berlivet Justine, Allès Benjamin, Fouillet Hélène, Hercberg Serge, Touvier Mathilde, Lairon Denis, Pointereau Philippe, Couturier Christian, Mariotti François, Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle
Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017, Bobigny, France.
Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2025 Jun 13;22(1):76. doi: 10.1186/s12966-025-01777-w.
Dietary patterns significantly impact climate change and morbidity, making transitions to sustainable diets urgent. Few studies explore repeated dietary measures collected over several years or variations across distinct consumer profiles characterized by sociodemographic and dietary patterns.
Our study aims to identify dietary trajectory profiles in French adults (2014-2022), assessing environmental, nutritional, and health outcomes.
Consumption data from 17,187 NutriNet-Santé cohort participants (52% women, average age 48y, SD = 16) were collected via food frequency questionnaires in 2014 (weighted to the French Census), 2018, and 2022. Dietary trajectory profiles were modeled using Group-based multi-trajectory modeling based on principal component analysis of energy-adjusted consumption data. Associations with environmental (greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions) and nutritional (adherence to French dietary guidelines, diet quality index) dimensions were assessed via multivariable mixed models. Health impacts were evaluated as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)avoided, using the Comparative Risk Assessment approach.
Six dietary trajectory profiles (P) with distinct starting diets and evolutions were identified. P0 had average intakes, while P1 and P5 were meat-focused, with P5 showing the highest animal consumption. P3 and P4 leaned plant-based, with P4 maintaining high fish and plant intakes, and P3 increasing ruminant meat. P2 initially high in salty or sweet fatty foods, shifted significantly toward plant-based diets. Over time, GHG emissions decreased (- 5% to - 14%), diet quality (PNNS-GS2 score) improved (+ 12% to + 174%), and health risks declined in four profiles due to reduced red meat and higher whole grains/fruits but increased for P4 and P5 due to processed meat.
These profiles reflect diverse population segments with distinct dietary profiles and degrees of sustainability improvements. However, significant advancements remain limited, highlighting the need for further research on economic, psychological, and cultural factors to guide sustainable changes.
Trial registration number: NCT03335644. URL of registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03335644?id=NCT03335644&rank=1.
饮食模式对气候变化和发病率有重大影响，因此向可持续饮食转变迫在眉睫。很少有研究探讨多年来收集的重复饮食测量数据，或不同消费者群体（以社会人口统计学和饮食模式为特征）之间的差异。
我们的研究旨在确定法国成年人（2014 - 2022年）的饮食轨迹特征，评估环境、营养和健康结果。
通过食物频率问卷收集了17187名NutriNet - Santé队列参与者（52%为女性，平均年龄48岁，标准差 = 16）在2014年（加权至法国人口普查数据）、2018年和2022年的消费数据。基于能量调整后的消费数据进行主成分分析，使用基于组的多轨迹建模对饮食轨迹特征进行建模。通过多变量混合模型评估与环境（温室气体（GHG）排放）和营养（遵循法国饮食指南、饮食质量指数）维度的关联。使用比较风险评估方法，将健康影响评估为避免的伤残调整生命年（DALYs）。
确定了六种具有不同起始饮食和变化趋势的饮食轨迹特征（P）。P0摄入量平均，而P1和P5以肉类为主，P5的动物消费量最高。P3和P4倾向于以植物为基础的饮食，P4保持高鱼类和植物摄入量，P3反刍肉类摄入量增加。P2最初以高盐或高糖脂肪类食物为主，显著转向以植物为基础的饮食。随着时间的推移，四种特征的温室气体排放量下降（-5%至-14%），饮食质量（PNNS - GS2评分）提高（+12%至+174%），由于红肉减少和全谷物/水果摄入量增加，四种特征的健康风险降低，但P4和P5由于加工肉类摄入增加，健康风险上升。
这些特征反映了不同的人群细分，具有不同的饮食特征和可持续性改善程度。然而，显著进展仍然有限，突出了对经济、心理和文化因素进行进一步研究以指导可持续变化的必要性。
试验注册号：NCT03335644。注册网址：https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03335644?id=NCT03335644&rank=1。
