College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Sep 15;294:113162. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113162. Epub 2021 Jun 30.
The plant residues of tomato bring pressures to the environment and composting provides a feasible method to treat such agricultural waste. However, little is known about the succession and associations of the dominant lignocellulose degraders in the compost system. To further accelerate the process by inoculating key functional microorganisms, a compost pile composed of tomato stalk with maize straw addition was constructed, and the whole community structure and functions of the dominant were investigated by applying the integrated mata-omics. Results showed that Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Ascomycota dominated and drove the assembly of the co-occurrence network. In the thermophilic stage, Thermobifida was the exclusive degrader of cellulose, and Thermobifida fusca was the most important cellulolytic actinomycete. Saccharomonospora viridis, Planifilum fulgidum, Thermobacillus sp. and the dominant ascomycota of Aspergillus sclerotialis participated in hemicellulose decomposing. In the cooling phase, functional microorganisms became more diverse, with Nocardiopsis flavescens, Glycomyces artemisiae, Glycomyces sambucus, Streptomyces rubrolavendulae and Streptomyces vietnamensis joining the cellulose-degrading rank, and Chaetomium thermophilum emerging as the main hemicellulose degrader. More than two thirds of the bacteria-bacteria interactions and all the fungi-fungi associations were positive, while, both competition (for the same substrate of hemicellulose) and synergy (preference for cellulose and hemicellulose) coexisted in the bacteria-fungi interactions. In conclusion, these findings provide useful information for understanding the biodegradation of tomato plant residues better, and effects of the functional agents identified on composting process should be further studied.
番茄植物残体给环境带来压力，堆肥为处理这种农业废弃物提供了一种可行的方法。然而，对于堆肥系统中木质纤维素降解优势菌的演替和关联知之甚少。为了通过接种关键功能微生物进一步加速这一过程，构建了一个由番茄秸秆和玉米秸秆添加物组成的堆肥堆，并通过综合宏基因组学研究了优势菌的整个群落结构和功能。结果表明，放线菌、厚壁菌门和子囊菌门占主导地位，并驱动了共现网络的组装。在高温阶段，纤维单胞菌属是纤维素的唯一降解菌，热纤梭菌是最重要的纤维素放线菌。绿色木霉、灿烂青霉、芽孢杆菌属和主要的子囊菌属黑曲霉参与了半纤维素分解。在冷却阶段，功能微生物变得更加多样化，黄色诺卡氏菌、黄花糖芥苷菌、黑麦糖荠苷菌、绛红链霉菌和越南链霉菌加入了纤维素降解行列，嗜热毛壳菌成为主要的半纤维素降解菌。超过三分之二的细菌-细菌相互作用和所有的真菌-真菌关联都是正相关的，而细菌-真菌相互作用中既有竞争（对同一半纤维素底物的竞争），也有协同作用（对纤维素和半纤维素的偏好）。总之，这些发现为更好地理解番茄植物残体的生物降解提供了有用的信息，应该进一步研究所鉴定的功能剂对堆肥过程的影响。
