Stotz Sarah A, Charron-Prochownik Denise, Terry Martha A, Marshall Gale, Fischl Andrea R, Moore Kelly R
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Colorado School of Public Health, Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Aurora, CO, USA.
University of Pittsburgh, Nursing and Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion and Development, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2020 May 6;5(Suppl 4):13-21. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa081. eCollection 2021 Jun.
American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women have a higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and subsequent diagnosis of diabetes than do non-Hispanic White women. Healthy eating is key to weight management both prior to pregnancy and between pregnancies and can reduce the risk of developing GDM. Our research team developed an innovative preconception counseling and diabetes risk-reduction program, which includes nutrition and weight-management principles and is culturally tailored for adolescent AI/AN women. The program is entitled (SGDM).
The purpose of this article is to examine nutrition-related information collected as a part of the formative qualitative research conducted for the development of a preconception counseling and gestational diabetes risk-reduction program, SGDM.
This in-depth secondary analysis explored the original qualitative data from the needs assessment for SGDM program development. Participants included AI/AN women with a history of GDM ( = 5); AI/AN girls at risk of GDM ( = 14), and their mothers ( = 11), health care providers, and health administrators who care for AI/AN girls ( = 16); AI/AN elected leaders; and Indian health system administrators ( = 12). All focus groups and interviews were reanalyzed utilizing the following research question: "How do key stakeholders discuss food and/or nutrition in terms of gestational diabetes risk reduction for AI/AN adolescent girls?"
Three primary nutrition themes emerged: ) AI/AN women were aware of healthy nutrition, healthy weight gainduring pregnancy, and healthy nutrition for people with type 2 diabetes, but these principles were not linked to reducing the risk of GDM; ) participants expressed the need for education on the role of nutrition and weight management in GDM risk reduction; ) participants shared challenges of healthful eating during and before pregnancy for AI/AN women.
These stakeholders' comments informed the development of the nutrition components of SGDM.
与非西班牙裔白人女性相比，美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民（AI/AN）女性患妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）及后续被诊断为糖尿病的风险更高。健康饮食是孕前及孕期体重管理的关键，且可降低患GDM的风险。我们的研究团队开发了一项创新的孕前咨询和糖尿病风险降低项目，该项目包含营养和体重管理原则，并针对AI/AN青少年女性进行了文化定制。该项目名为（SGDM）。
本文旨在探讨作为孕前咨询和妊娠期糖尿病风险降低项目SGDM开发的形成性定性研究一部分所收集的营养相关信息。
这项深入的二次分析探讨了SGDM项目开发需求评估中的原始定性数据。参与者包括有GDM病史的AI/AN女性（n = 5）；有GDM风险的AI/AN女孩（n = 14）及其母亲（n = 11）、医疗保健提供者以及照顾AI/AN女孩的卫生管理人员（n = 16）；AI/AN当选领导人；以及印第安卫生系统管理人员（n = 12）。所有焦点小组和访谈均利用以下研究问题进行重新分析：“关键利益相关者如何就降低AI/AN青少年女孩患妊娠期糖尿病风险来讨论食物和/或营养？”
出现了三个主要营养主题：1）AI/AN女性了解健康营养、孕期健康体重增加以及2型糖尿病患者的健康营养，但这些原则未与降低GDM风险联系起来；2）参与者表示需要接受关于营养和体重管理在降低GDM风险中作用的教育；3）参与者分享了AI/AN女性在孕期及孕前健康饮食方面的挑战。
这些利益相关者的意见为SGDM营养成分的开发提供了参考。
