Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Transl Psychiatry. 2021 Jun 22;11(1):370. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01483-8.
Is engaging with music good for your mental health? This question has long been the topic of empirical clinical and nonclinical investigations, with studies indicating positive associations between music engagement and quality of life, reduced depression or anxiety symptoms, and less frequent substance use. However, many earlier investigations were limited by small populations and methodological limitations, and it has also been suggested that aspects of music engagement may even be associated with worse mental health outcomes. The purpose of this scoping review is first to summarize the existing state of music engagement and mental health studies, identifying their strengths and weaknesses. We focus on broad domains of mental health diagnoses including internalizing psychopathology (e.g., depression and anxiety symptoms and diagnoses), externalizing psychopathology (e.g., substance use), and thought disorders (e.g., schizophrenia). Second, we propose a theoretical model to inform future work that describes the importance of simultaneously considering music-mental health associations at the levels of (1) correlated genetic and/or environmental influences vs. (bi)directional associations, (2) interactions with genetic risk factors, (3) treatment efficacy, and (4) mediation through brain structure and function. Finally, we describe how recent advances in large-scale data collection, including genetic, neuroimaging, and electronic health record studies, allow for a more rigorous examination of these associations that can also elucidate their neurobiological substrates.
参与音乐活动对你的心理健康有益吗？这个问题长期以来一直是实证临床和非临床研究的主题，研究表明音乐参与度与生活质量、抑郁或焦虑症状减轻以及物质使用频率降低之间存在积极关联。然而，许多早期的研究受到了研究人群规模较小和方法学限制的限制，并且有人还提出，音乐参与的某些方面甚至可能与更差的心理健康结果有关。本范围综述的目的首先是总结现有的音乐参与和心理健康研究状况，确定其优缺点。我们重点关注广泛的心理健康诊断领域，包括内在精神病理学（例如抑郁和焦虑症状和诊断）、外在精神病理学（例如物质使用）和思维障碍（例如精神分裂症）。其次，我们提出了一个理论模型，为未来的工作提供信息，该模型描述了同时考虑（1）相关遗传和/或环境影响与（双向）关联、（2）与遗传风险因素的相互作用、（3）治疗效果以及（4）通过大脑结构和功能进行中介的重要性。最后，我们描述了如何通过大规模数据收集（包括遗传、神经影像学和电子健康记录研究）的最新进展，更严格地检查这些关联，也可以阐明它们的神经生物学基础。
