Jiang Peng, Klemeš Jiří Jaromír, Fan Yee Van, Fu Xiuju, Tan Raymond R, You Siming, Foley Aoife M
Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory - SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology- VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic.
Energy (Oxf). 2021 Nov 15;235:121315. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.121315. Epub 2021 Jun 30.
Vaccination now offers a way to resolve the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is critical to recognise the full energy, environmental, economic and social equity (4E) impacts of the vaccination life cycle. The full 4E impacts include the design and trials, order management, material preparation, manufacturing, cold chain logistics, low-temperature storage, crowd management and end-of-life waste management. A life cycle perspective is necessary for sustainable vaccination management because a prolonged immunisation campaign for COVID-19 is likely. The impacts are geographically dispersed across sectors and regions, creating real and virtual 4E footprints that occur at different timescales. Decision-makers in industry and governments have to act, unify, resolve, and work together to implement more sustainable COVID-19 vaccination management globally and locally to minimise the 4E footprints. Potential practices include using renewable energy in production, storage, transportation and waste treatment, using better product design for packaging, using the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data analytics for better logistics, using real-time database management for better tracking of deliveries and public vaccination programmes, and using coordination platforms for more equitable vaccine access. These practices raise global challenges but suggest solutions with a 4E perspective, which could mitigate the impacts of global vaccination campaigns and prepare sustainably for future pandemics and global warming.
疫苗接种如今为解决新冠疫情提供了一条途径。然而，认识到疫苗接种生命周期对能源、环境、经济和社会公平性（4E）的全面影响至关重要。完整的4E影响包括设计与试验、订单管理、物资准备、生产、冷链物流、低温储存、人群管理以及报废管理。从生命周期的角度看待疫苗接种管理是可持续的，因为新冠疫苗的免疫接种活动可能会持续很长时间。这些影响在地理上分散于各个部门和地区，形成了在不同时间尺度上出现的真实和虚拟的4E足迹。行业和政府的决策者必须采取行动、统一协作、解决问题，并共同努力在全球和地方层面实施更具可持续性的新冠疫苗接种管理，以尽量减少4E足迹。潜在的做法包括在生产、储存、运输和废物处理中使用可再生能源，采用更好的产品包装设计，利用物联网（IoT）和大数据分析优化物流，使用实时数据库管理更好地跟踪交付情况和公共疫苗接种计划，以及利用协调平台实现更公平的疫苗获取。这些做法带来了全球性挑战，但也从4E视角提出了解决方案，这可能减轻全球疫苗接种活动的影响，并为未来的大流行和全球变暖做好可持续准备。
