Arslan Ayşenur, Kaplan Merve, Duman Hatice, Bayraktar Ayşe, Ertürk Melih, Henrick Bethany M, Frese Steven A, Karav Sercan
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.
Uluova Dairy, Canakkale, Turkey.
Front Nutr. 2021 Jun 21;8:651721. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.651721. eCollection 2021.
Colostrum is the first milk produced post-partum by mammals and is compositionally distinct from mature milk. Bovine colostrum has a long history of consumption by humans, and there have been a number of studies investigating its potential for applications in human nutrition and health. Extensive characterization of the constituent fractions has identified a wealth of potentially bioactive molecules, their potential for shaping neonatal development, and the potential for their application beyond the neonatal period. Proteins, fats, glycans, minerals, and vitamins are abundant in colostrum, and advances in dairy processing technologies have enabled the advancement of bovine colostrum from relative limitations of a fresh and unprocessed food to a variety of potential applications. In these forms, clinical studies have examined bovine colostrum as having the substantial potential to improve human health. This review discusses the macro-and micronutrient composition of colostrum as well as describing well-characterized bioactives found in bovine colostrum and their potential for human health. Current gaps in knowledge are also identified and future directions are considered in order to elevate the potential for bovine colostrum as a component of a healthy diet for a variety of relevant human populations.
初乳是哺乳动物产后产生的第一种乳汁，其成分与成熟乳汁不同。牛初乳被人类食用已有很长历史，并且有许多研究调查了其在人类营养与健康方面的应用潜力。对其成分部分的广泛表征已鉴定出大量潜在的生物活性分子、它们对新生儿发育的影响潜力以及在新生儿期之后的应用潜力。初乳中富含蛋白质、脂肪、聚糖、矿物质和维生素，乳制品加工技术的进步使牛初乳从新鲜未加工食品的相对局限性发展到具有多种潜在应用。以这些形式，临床研究已检验牛初乳具有改善人类健康的巨大潜力。本综述讨论了初乳的常量和微量营养素组成，并描述了牛初乳中特征明确的生物活性物质及其对人类健康的潜力。还确定了当前知识上的空白，并考虑了未来的方向，以提升牛初乳作为各种相关人群健康饮食组成部分的潜力。
