Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Br J Nutr. 2022 Oct 14;128(7):1247-1256. doi: 10.1017/S0007114521002567. Epub 2021 Jul 8.
Although the long-term effects of a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern (MDP) on cognition and overall mental well-being have been consistently described, the short-term effects of the MDP on cognitive performance, mood and anxiety have not been as widely reviewed. Therefore, the aims of this systematic review were to synthesise the evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCT), to examine whether a MDP can alter cognition and overall mental well-being in the short-term (up to 10 d). This will also be used to identify research gaps and to inform the design of future acute RCT in the area. Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE and Web of Science Core Collection were searched from inception to 8 December 2020. The data were synthesised narratively with no quantitative synthesis. The detailed protocol is available on PROSPERO, with the registration number CRD42021221085. A total of 3002 studies were initially identified. After the deduplication and screening stages, four studies (three articles and one conference proceeding) were eligible to be included. Despite the very limited data obtained, the literature suggests that a MDP can improve cognition and mood in the short-term. Specifically, improvements in attention, alertness and contentment were consistently reported. A MDP appears as a promising strategy to improve short-term cognitive and mental health. A limitation of this review is the small number of studies identified; therefore, future studies are required to confirm these initial novel findings and to provide granularity as to which domains are most responsive and in which population subgroups.
尽管地中海式饮食模式（MDP）对认知和整体心理健康的长期影响已得到一致描述，但 MDP 对认知表现、情绪和焦虑的短期影响尚未得到广泛审查。因此，本系统评价的目的是综合随机对照试验（RCT）的证据，研究 MDP 是否可以在短期内（最多 10 天）改变认知和整体心理健康。这也将有助于确定研究空白，并为该领域未来的急性 RCT 设计提供信息。从建库到 2020 年 12 月 8 日，我们在 Ovid Embase、Ovid MEDLINE 和 Web of Science Core Collection 中进行了检索。数据以叙述的方式进行综合，没有进行定量综合。详细的方案可在 PROSPERO 上查看，注册号为 CRD42021221085。最初共确定了 3002 项研究。经过去重和筛选阶段，有四项研究（三篇文章和一篇会议记录）符合纳入标准。尽管获得的数据非常有限，但文献表明 MDP 可以在短期内改善认知和情绪。具体而言，注意力、警觉性和满足感的改善得到了一致报告。MDP 似乎是改善短期认知和心理健康的有前途的策略。本综述的一个局限性是确定的研究数量较少；因此，需要进一步的研究来证实这些初步的新发现，并提供更具体的信息，了解哪些领域的反应最敏感，以及在哪些人群亚组中最敏感。
