Madani Samaneh, Ahmadi Afsane, Shoaei-Jouneghani Firoozeh, Moazen Mahsa, Sasani Najmeh
Nutrition Research Center School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran.
Food Sci Nutr. 2022 Jun 6;10(10):3241-3258. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2950. eCollection 2022 Oct.
Axis I disorders are one of the major health burdens worldwide. Evidence suggests that Mediterranean diet has key biological factors associated with reducing the progression of these disorders. This systematic review aimed to clarify the relationship between Mediterranean diet and Axis I disorders. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched from January 2016 up to June 2021. Those observational studies in English language that assessed the relationship between Mediterranean diet and Axis I disorders (such as depression, anxiety, eating disorders, schizophrenia, etc.) were included in this review. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of studies. Thirty-six studies (15 cohorts, 19 cross-sectional, and 2 case-control) met the inclusion criteria. The results revealed that more than two-thirds of the studies (25 studies, 69.44%) had significant protective relationship between receiving Mediterranean diet and reducing the symptoms or incidence of Axis I disorders. Most studies were performed on depression (29 studies measured depression at least as one of the Axis I disorders), of which 72.41% reported an inverse relationship. There were also 9 studies on anxiety (studies that measured anxiety at least as one of the Axis I disorders), that 77.77% of them observed protective association. Moreover, majority of the studies (25 studies, 69.44%) had high quality, of which 76% found an inverse relationship. In conclusion, it seems that the Mediterranean diet can reduce the symptoms or the occurrence of Axis I disorders (especially depression and anxiety). However, more extensive review studies, particularly with interventional designs, are necessary to prove the result.
轴I障碍是全球主要的健康负担之一。有证据表明，地中海饮食具有与减缓这些障碍进展相关的关键生物学因素。本系统评价旨在阐明地中海饮食与轴I障碍之间的关系。检索了2016年1月至2021年6月期间的PubMed和Scopus数据库。纳入本评价的是那些用英语撰写的评估地中海饮食与轴I障碍（如抑郁症、焦虑症、饮食失调、精神分裂症等）之间关系的观察性研究。采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估研究质量。36项研究（15项队列研究、19项横断面研究和2项病例对照研究）符合纳入标准。结果显示，超过三分之二的研究（25项研究，69.44%）表明接受地中海饮食与减轻轴I障碍的症状或发病率之间存在显著的保护关系。大多数研究针对抑郁症展开（29项研究至少将抑郁症作为轴I障碍之一进行测量），其中72.41%报告了负相关关系。还有9项关于焦虑症的研究（至少将焦虑症作为轴I障碍之一进行测量的研究），其中77.77%观察到了保护关联。此外，大多数研究（25项研究，69.44%）质量较高，其中76%发现了负相关关系。总之，地中海饮食似乎可以减轻轴I障碍（尤其是抑郁症和焦虑症）的症状或发病率。然而，需要更广泛的综述研究，尤其是采用干预设计的研究，来证实这一结果。
