Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
Mucosal Immunol. 2022 Jan;15(1):1-9. doi: 10.1038/s41385-021-00428-0. Epub 2021 Jul 8.
A cornerstone of the global initiative to eradicate polio is the widespread use of live and inactivated poliovirus vaccines in extensive public health campaigns designed to prevent the development of paralytic disease and interrupt transmission of the virus. Central to these efforts is the goal of inducing mucosal immunity able to limit virus replication in the intestine. Recent clinical trials have evaluated new combined regimens of poliovirus vaccines, and demonstrated clear differences in their ability to restrict virus shedding in stool after oral challenge with live virus. Analyses of mucosal immunity accompanying these trials support a critical role for enteric neutralizing IgA in limiting the magnitude and duration of virus shedding. This review summarizes key findings in vaccine-induced intestinal immunity to poliovirus in infants, older children, and adults. The impact of immunization on development and maintenance of protective immunity to poliovirus and the implications for global eradication are discussed.
全球消灭脊灰行动的基石是广泛使用脊灰活疫苗和脊灰灭活疫苗，通过大规模公共卫生运动来预防麻痹性疾病的发生和病毒传播。这些努力的核心目标是诱导黏膜免疫，从而限制病毒在肠道内的复制。最近的临床试验评估了新的脊灰病毒疫苗联合方案，并证实了它们在口服活病毒挑战后限制粪便中病毒脱落的能力存在明显差异。对这些试验伴随的黏膜免疫分析支持肠黏膜中和性 IgA 在限制病毒脱落的幅度和持续时间方面发挥关键作用。本综述总结了婴幼儿、儿童和成人中脊灰病毒诱导的肠道免疫的关键发现。讨论了免疫接种对脊灰病毒保护性免疫的发展和维持的影响及其对全球消灭脊灰的意义。
