Ali Fares E M, Mohammedsaleh Zuhair M, Ali Mahmoud M, Ghogar Osama M
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
World J Gastroenterol. 2021 Apr 21;27(15):1531-1552. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i15.1531.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a devastating worldwide pandemic infection caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome namely coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is associated with a high spreading and mortality rate. On the date this review was written, SARS-CoV-2 infected about 96 million people and killed about 2 million people. Several arguments disclosed the high mortality of COVID-19 due to acute respiratory distress syndrome or change in the amount of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor expression or cytokine storm strength production. In a similar pattern, hepatic impairment patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibited overexpression of ACE2 receptors and cytokine storm overwhelming, which worsens the hepatic impairment and increases the mortality rate. In this review, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on hepatic impairment conditions we overviewed. Besides, we focused on the recent studies that indicated cytokine storm as well as ACE2 as the main factors for high COVID-19 spreading and mortality while hinting at the potential therapeutic strategies.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是一种由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的全球性毁灭性大流行感染，其传播率和死亡率都很高。在撰写本综述之日，SARS-CoV-2已感染约9600万人，并导致约200万人死亡。一些观点揭示了COVID-19因急性呼吸窘迫综合征、血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）受体表达量变化或细胞因子风暴强度增加而具有高死亡率。同样，合并感染SARS-CoV-2的肝损伤患者表现出ACE2受体的过度表达和压倒性的细胞因子风暴，这会加重肝损伤并增加死亡率。在本综述中，我们概述了SARS-CoV-2对肝损伤状况的影响。此外，我们重点关注了最近的研究，这些研究表明细胞因子风暴以及ACE2是导致COVID-19高传播率和高死亡率的主要因素，同时还暗示了潜在的治疗策略。
